Research Of Custering Protocols In Wireless Sensor Networks

With the development of sensors technology and communication technology, wireless sensor networks (WSN) is proposed and becomes more and more popular because of its wide application. Routing protocol is a fundamental technology for WSN application. The efficient, energy saving routing protocol has very important value in scientific research. An energy-efficient multi-hop clustering protocol called EMCP is proposed in the paper, which balances the node energy consumption and prolongs the network lifetime. The primary content includes:Firstly, the paper introduces the system configuration characters of WSN, discusses the existing WSN routing protocols and their sort, analyses the problems in the process of realization of LEACH clustering routing protocol: it does not take into account the unbalanced nature of nodes energy consumption in cluster head election phase; it also does not take into account the single-hop communication will lead to fast energy consumption of cluster heads which are far form base station. in data transmission phase.Secondly, in order to balance the nodes energy load, an energy-efficient multi-hop clustering protocol called EMCP is proposed. It efficiently avoids the probability that low energy nodes are selected to be cluster heads in cluster head election phase by considering the network optimal cluster head probability and the node residual energy which are introduced into threshold for optimizing cluster head selection; the cluster head chooses its next jump node based on the minimum cost value, establishes a minimum cost routing tree between cluster heads and base station, and the root nodes collect data of other cluster heads to transmit to base station. The theory proves the protocol can balance the energy consumption by nodes especially by cluster heads, be propitious to enlarge the network scale and be applicable to the nodes which transmit data to base station periodically in large scale WSN.In the final part of the paper, we use matlab simulates the proposed protocol and validates the protocol has well performance in the aspect of network lifetime and output compared to LEACH protocol.