Study On The Energy Management And Energy Optimization In Wireless Sensor Networks

As one of the ten high technologies, wireless sensor network, which based on the digital circuit, wireless communications and micro electro mechanism systems, has become the hot point of research field. It also dominates the application markets of military, health and domestic usages etc.In this paper, it firstly introduces the main features of wireless sensor network. After comparing of the wireless sensor network with the traditional wireless network, it concludes the energy loss is the most important parameter which decides the validity in sensor network. Then, we introduce the network architecture, node structure and protocol stack of wireless sensor network.As energy loss is the most important parameter to evaluate the performance of wireless sensor network, we then analysis the energy consuming module by building math models. After building these models, we introduce some improvements on low energy-consumption in the aspects of the single node and the whole network of wireless sensor network. And MAC protocols and routing protocols are the focal points in our discussion and design, and finally, we introduce the sleep mechanism, power control mechanism, data aggregation mechanism, cross-layer design mechanism, dynamic power management and dynamic voltage scaling mechanism etc.A cluster-based multi-hop protocol for wireless sensor network-THRL is presented in this paper. This novel routing protocol based on hierarchical network routing algorithm. It selects the cluster head based on some kind of algorithm, and averages the high energy loss consuming in the communication with Sink node to all nodes. In that way, every node can share the energy loss of the whole network. Combining of the data fusion technology, the whole energy loss is reduced, and the energy expensing procedure is in a relative stable status, and the network lifetime is extended obviously.The running of THRL protocol is divided into many rounds, and every round includes three phases, cluster-forming, path creating and data transmitting. In the first phase, according to the algorithm, the nodes in the small region selects one of them to become the cluster head. After that, every cluster header declares this message to the whole sensor network. Other sensor nodes analysis the receiving signal strength and knows which cluster it is in. then it informs the dominating cluster header by providing its detail information. After that, the cluster header distributes the data slot by Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). In the path creating phase, Sink node flooding an interest-ADV message to the whole network, this message contains the task information and the data rate etc. Every cluster header receives this message, checks if it had received one from other neighbors, processes it and retransmits it to its neighbors. After these operations, nodes can transmit data to the Sink node on these paths according to gradient relation.In this paper, a flexible communication mechanism is presented in this novel multi-hop clustering wireless sensor network routing protocol. This protocol and the traditional protocols are simulated by C++ programming. The simulating results shows that, comparing with the traditional ones, the wireless sensor network based on THRL protocol can reduce the energy loss and the performance of validity is better.