A Novel Energy And Distance Based Network Protocol For WSN

In recent years, the wireless sensor network (WSN), which has a good application prospect in both civil and military fields, has received increasing attention. Formed by hundreds to thousands of small nodes, WSNs can collect data expected from monitored field with highly accuracy. For WSNs, the energy of network node is usually limited. Once deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus replacement and resupplyment of the energy source is not feasible. Hence, energy efficiency is a key design issue that needs to be enhanced in order to improve the life span of the network. Several network layer protocols have been proposed to prolong the effective lifetime of a network with a limited energy supply.Among those proposed, LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is a well-known cluster-based routing protocol which employs the technique of randomly rotating the role of a cluster head among all the nodes in the network. The self-elected cluster heads collect data from nodes within their respective clusters and apply data fusion before forwarding them directly to the base station. However, LEACH has some drawbacks. The cluster head is selected randomly without considering energy and distance information, and clearly direct transmission is bad for energy conservation, which lead to the unideal performance of LEACH.In this paper, based on the extensive analyzing of LEACH protocol, a novel clustering algorithm according to energy and distance is proposed, called EDBCM protocol. In this new protocol, both the energy remained information and distance to BS are considered to determine the cluster heads with a result of high quality. An improved multihop scheme like MTE protocol is adopted to send data from the cluster heads to the base station. In this course, energy information is taken into account again to select reasonable forwarding nodes. Besides, data fusion is implemented.Simulation results show the EDBCM protocol proposed in this paper has better performance than LEACH. It has been shown that EDBCM provides significant energy savings, distributes the total energy consumption evenly, increases the amount of total data received by BS distinctly, prolongs network effective lifetime and accomplishes the monitoring task well, has better expansibility and robustness.