| The massively tiny sensor nodes which have the wireless correspondence and the computation ability constitute the self-organizing distribution network intelligence system. Typically, these nodes coordinate to perform a common task. They perceive, collect and compute the information of the objects, then transmit the aggregated data to the observer. Wireless Sensor Network has wide applications including in the foregrounds of military, environment, medical treatment, space exploring and various business. Nevertheless, there are still several problems, such as the ones caused by node mobility, constraint of energy capacitance and computing ability of nodes, completely distributed environment and etc. Up to now, this technology is still in the exploring period; therefore it's valuable to do research on it.In this paper, the basic principles and characteristics are first introduced. Subsequently, the paper makes focus on the wireless sensor routing protocol, and the typical protocols in wireless sensor networks are studied and compared. On the basis of the SPIN model experimental system routing protocol is designed. Then, through the analysis of the issue of network security, wireless sensor networks may be subject to a summary of attacks, and the paper put forward specific measures. Because of energy limitations against nodes, the paper respectively analysis the energy consumption of wireless sensor network nodes and the network, and the optimization of the energy consumption is given in the wireless sensor network experimental platform on the method. After a detailed introduction of sensor networks to achieve experimental system, hardware circuit design and control software design of the sensor nodes and the base station are presented based on the MSP430 and nRF905. Finally, the paper makes focus on the ultrasonic distance measurement method combined with background requirements and makes researches into node localization solution of the use of ultrasonic distance measurement. |
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