Research And Design Of A Battery Energy Characteristics-based Routing Protocol In Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is currently one of the active research fields. WSN consists of large numbers of cooperating small-scale disposable low-powered nodes capable of limited computation, wireless communication, and sensing. WSN is a new research area of computer science and technology and has a wide application future including geophysical monitoring, precision agriculture, habitat monitoring, transportation, military systems and business processes. Both academia and industries are very interested in it.This dissertation studies battery characters and designs a Battery Energy Characteristics-based Routing Protocol in WSN. How effectively using energy to maximize networks lifetime is the most important challenge which sensor networks face. Designing the routing protocol of highly effective retransmitting data packets, can achieve balanced energy consumption in networks.Firstly, this dissertation reviews the development course and trend of WSN, as well as its structure, application areas and current status. Secondly, the problem of energy sources is always one of the mainly challenges in WSN. It is a hot spot in WSN research to maximize lifetime of batteries, which are power supplies of sensor nodes, for better supporting data acquisition and transmission. The study starts with batteries, the origin of power for sensor nodes, and introduces batteries research background and development in WSN. Then, the dissertation analyzes battery capacity and its effect factors, especially the characteristics of Zinc-Manganese Dry Batteries. Meanwhile, the characteristics of both WSN and its routing protocols are analyzed, and estimation standards of routing are introduced. Energy consumption and energy conserving technology in WSN are discussed and current energy aware routing protocols are emphatically introduced. Besides, data aggregation technology of routing protocol is researched and the strategies are analyzed.Considering the study of battery energy characteristics, a battery testing system is designed, and several battery experiments with different discharge currents or varied arrangements are implemented on it. Testing results show battery energy characteristics, including theoretical capacity, recovery capacity under different discharge currents, discharge character distinctions between constant discharge mode and discharge/recover mode, as well as discharge character distinctions under varied discharge/recover arrangements. These researches have certain practical guiding meaning for battery choosing and application optimizing in WSN applications, acoording to discharge characters.Afterwards, on the basis of introducing a routing protocol based on cluster tree network and analyzing the advantages/disadvantages, this dissertation proposes the improving directions and targets. Take energy character integrating with other factors into account, this dissertation proposes a Battery Energy Characteristics-based Routing Protocol in meshed-tree WSN. This dissertation also details data structure mechanism, network architecture and address assignment mechanism, route selection mechanism, route maintenance mechanism, and data aggregation mechanism.Finally, this dissertation shows the results of mechanism validation and demonstration, and compares it with several routing protocols. It is illustrated that BEC-based RP has the merits of multi-path adopted, good robust ability, topology information contained in node ID, fast and convenient route searching, decreasing data traffic by data aggregation mechanism, balancing energy costs by considering battery energy characteristics during route selection, and efficiently increasing network lifetime.