Biochip Technology Application And Countermeasure Of Our Country

Biochip Technology Application and Countermeasure of Our CountryBiochip is an emerging technology developed with Human Genome Project (HGP) and as first used in 1990s, it marked a new era of micro-analysis technology. This technology is based on many subjects such as molecular biology, immunology, semiconductor microelectronics, laser, chemical dye, and so on.A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites (microarrays) arranged on a solid substrate that permits many tests to be performed at the same time in order to achieve higher throughput and speed. Typically, a biochip's surface area is no larger than a fingernail. Like a computer chip that can perform millions of mathematical operations in one second, a biochip can perform thousands of biological reactions, such as decoding genes, in a few seconds.Biochip have multitude of applications many of which will develop and evolve over time. Though the first application of biochips was in gene expression monitoring, the strategy of using an ordered array of biomolecules on a chip to examine a biochemical sample is generally applicable. In addition to gene expression analysis, hybridization-based assays have been used for mutation detection, polymorphism analysis, mapping, evolutionary studies, drug discovery, and other basic research applications in the postgenome era.The final aim of researchers in biochip is to integrate the whole process of analysis, i.e. laboratory on a chip. The significance of biochip is not itself, but is the enhanced capbility for humanbeings to unveil the internal nature of life, which is a highly complex network.The paper summarized background and history of development of biochip technology and discussed its principium?classifying and making methods. Through discussing applications and research developments of gene-chip? protein-chip and lab-on-chip in recent years, the paper points out some problems exits in the research of biochip technology and given some advices to enhance the development of biochip technology of our country.