Study On Career Need And Career Anchor Of Male Nurses

Objective:1.To develop Career Needs of Male Nurses Questionnaire and Career Anchors Questionnaire.2.To explore the structure of career needs and career anchors of male nurses as well as the relationship between them.3.To investigate the status of career needs and career anchors, and the relationship among them and demography variables of male nurses.4.Some surgestions were put forward for career management of male nurses according to the results.Method:1.The first part analyzed the structure of career needs and career anchors of male nurses and the relationship between them.Firstly the definition and the theoretic framework of career needs ,career anchors were developed by literature review.Then the original item pool was formulated through interview.After two rounds of experts evaluation and pilot study,original items were refined and the formal questionnaire was developed.The reliability and validity were tested among 160 male nurses from 17 hospitals in Fuzhou and Xiamen.The dimensions of the two questionnaires were confirmed through Factor Analysis and the relationship between career needs and career anchors was discussed using the method of correlational analysis and regression analysis.2.The second part analyzed the status of career needs and career anchors of male nurses.160 male nurses in Xiamen and Fuzhou were investigated with self-made General Data Questionnaire,Career Needs of Male Nurses Questionnaire and Career Anchors of Male Nurses Questionnaire.The demographic data and the score of career needs and career anchors were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The differences of career needs and career anchors in demography variables were tested by T test and One-Way ANOVA analysis.3.The third part was the qualitative research of male nurses` career needs.Based on the Phenomenology Method,15 male nurses from Xiamen and Fuzhou were chosen with purposive sampling principle and interviewed deeply with semi-structured outline,which was completed during the questionnaire developed stage and the formal survey stage.The theme of career needs was analyzed through Categorization Analysis Method.Result:1.Career Needs of Male Nurses Questionnaire contained 27 items and 7 dimensions which could explain 69.77% of the total variation. The Content Validity was 0.993.Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the career needs for overall scale was 0.915 and the re-test reliability was 0.764. Career Anchors of Male Nurses Questionnaire contained 16 items and 4 dimensions which could explain 58.59% of the total variation. The Content Validity was 0.929.Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the career needs for overall scale was 0.915 and the re-test reliability was 0.731.2.The average score of career needs of male nurses was (4.01±0.49). The rank of the seven dimensions was interpersonal relationship,career management,training and learning,career planning,career guidance,professional expert and career path. Significant differences were found in career needs by academic degree ,marital status, working age,professional title,appointment pattern, department ,hospital category and city (P<0.05).3.Male nurses had 4 types of career anchors,which from high to low were challenge-technical,dedication-service,security-lifestyle and management.Significant differences were found in career anchors by age,marital status,working age, appointment pattern, department and hospital category (P<0.05).4.Male nurses holding different career anchors had diffenent career needs.Male nurses with challenge-technical career anchor had career management needs, career planning needs, career path needs,training and learning needs.Male nurses with dedication-service career anchor had training and learning needs and professional expert needs.Male nurses with security-lifestyle career anchor had career guidance needs, professional expert needs and interpersonal relationship needs.Male nurses with management career anchor had career planning needs, career path needs,career guidance needs and interpersonal relationship needs.5.Three subjects were concluded from the qualitative research of career needs which were career identity needs,career development needs and career management needs.The career identity needs contained the identity from both others and themselves.The career development needs contained training,learning and promotion,teaching and scientific research.The career management needs contained pay treatment,system and manager.Conclusion:1.Career Needs of Male Nurses Questionnaire and Career Anchors of Male Nurses Questionnaire had good validity and reliability so that they could be applied for the measurement of career needs and career anchors of male nurses.2.Career anchors could forecast career needs of male nurses.Male nurses who hold different career anchors had different career needs.3.The level of male nurses` career needs was high.Interpersonal relationship needs was the highest followed by career management needs,training and learning needs. Career needs were influenced by the variable of demography.4.The main career anchor of male nurses was challenge-technical,next was dedication-service and security-lifestyle.Career anchors were also influenced by variable of demography.5.The three subjects of career needs complemented and verified each other with the 7 dimensions extracted from the quantitative research.The content of career needs were objective and authentic so that it could be a basis for career management practice.