A Research About The Allocation On Urban And Rural Public Health Service Resources In Chongqing

In recent years, it is challenge for public health services to our country that avian flu, influenza A virus H1N1 and other pandemic outbreak. All the society has paid great attentions to the public health services. Especially in rural areas, this problem has been a series of contradictions, the shrinking of government's investment, increasing the collapse of cooperative medical care system, lacking of health qualified personnel, medical equipments behind,the deterioration of rural services, farmers become medical groups who paid for their own expenses, medical costs increased rapidly in the market-oriented reforms, "hard to see doctor", "too expensive in hospital" has become the most strongly problem in rural areas, "poverty caused by ill" is very conspicuous. The issue is no longer a separate health department can cope with, it has become a social problem that requires government intervention and social participation.This paper compared urban and rural areas of Chongqing Public Health Service resource, demonstrated it was non-equilibrium, rural residents have failed significantly to balance the public health service resources. After analysis of relevant data, it is conclusions that urban and rural public health services is not balanced, exploring the feasibility of the path can narrow the gap.This paper put the city and rural public health services of Chongqing resources in a balanced perspective, from the perspective of comparative to study the imbalances of Chongqing city and rural, for providing feasible plan to achieve a balanced configuration. This paper based on the public health service resources theory and equilibrium theory, and then investigated the public health service resource of Chongqing city and rural allocation realities, and giving a brief analysis of the causes of non-equilibrium, which made the promotion of its reform innovative ideas. This paper in accordance with the path of "theory-Empirical Research-Policy design", using of the public management theory, economics, public finance theory first, investigated equilibrium theory, equilibrium theory of public goods supply and demand, which was a full theoretical analysis framework. Based on a balanced allocation of public goods theory, government need to consider giving priority to efficiency than to fairness when allocated resources of public health services. Then research the resources of rural public health services issues of supply and demand status of public health needs in rural areas of Chongqing City, and the characteristics of issues and strategies. Finally, on the policy designing, combined with the status of Chongqing Municipality, presented the proposal of reform allocation system.In this paper, theoretical explanation and empirical analysis using was combined, gathered large number of domestic and foreign literature, and studied many domestic and foreign scholars on the urban and rural public health services, based on both theoretical and empirical material, reviewed on the current status of rural public health service resource allocation, used comparative analysis on the different time about urban and rural public health. During the longitudinal comparison by starting from different historical periods, summarized the achievements in various time and problems, explored for urban and rural public health service system in Chongqing city. In discussing some of the issues, some charts also were taken in the method of combining data in order to make a more convincing description of the problem.Based on the theoretical and empirical analysis, the conclusions of this paper are as follows:First, the majority of rural residents in Chongqing are treated in primary health care institutions, the income is important choices that affect their medical reason, rural residents have more possibility to have disease than urban residents, the main cause of without treating is economic problem; rural residents have more demand for health services than urban residents, but the hospitalization rate was significantly lower than urban residents. It shows public health services more accessible to urban resources.Second, the number of medical services, number of beds, number of health service staff, health technicians and other aspects, the city are in a clearly advantageous. It has the same number of City hospitals and township hospitals in being in hospital, but the rural doctors played an important role for rural residents in remote villages in public health services, it should be vigorously promoted.Third, Chongqing Medical care expenditures were rising trend, and over urban and rural residents per capita disposable income growth, and rural health care spending growth was not in the enhancement of capacity to pay by the health care of rural households. But mainly to caused by the price. In rural areas, the higher incomes spent on the greater proportion of the expenditure on health care, which indicates that the poorer can not enjoy the public health service resources.Fourth, the majority of urban residents in Chongqing were not more than one kilometer to the hospital, were easer than rural residents to health services. In recent years, maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, infant mortality and other indicators have declined, which indicated that Chongqing has been significant progress in maternal and child health work, but the data shows that the city is much better than rural areas. Rural residents still do not enjoy economic development results equally.Fifth, which caused of non-equilibrium public health service resources in Chongqing were the causing of non-equilibrium distribution in the total expenditure of the shortage, defecting management system, budgeting system defects, defecting of the transfer payment system, and the county the difference between the level of economic development, but the system is the main reason.Therefore, the public health services in rural areas of Chongqing should be vigorously working, to meet the majority of rural residents demands. Government should pay more attention to public health services,and the medical expenses growth rate has been faster than in the growth rate of income in rural areas. Especially for rural residents, expenses have been more obvious impact on their medical behavior, have been a can not be ignored reason.