Study On The Landscape Form Of Tibetan Ancient Village In

Tibetan Gongbu people, one branch of Tibetan, possess the definite particularity of politics and nationwith relatively independent language, dress, buildings and festivals, which is the important part of national cultural diversity in China, and live in Nyingchi county, Milin county and Gongbo’gyamda County in Nyingchi Prefecture. With unique natural and human resources, Basomtso, national forest park and 4A tourist attraction, is located in Gongbo’gyamda County. Because of relative close terrain and political protection, the historic old villages where Tibetan Gongbu people always live in are less effected by foreign cultures and keep primitive form well. Cuogao village, among these villages, is the sole village keeping perfect traditional layout, architectural style, custom, culture and belief of great worth in history, culture, art and science.From settlement overall and inner structure, this article combines related disciplines and uses Cuogao village as example to diagrammatize site selection and morphological characteristics of landscape of Tibetan Gongbu historic villages in Basomtso with document analysis, fieldwork, analogy and model building. Through cultural background, interspace, dwellings and landscapes, the Tibetan Gongbu settlement growing natural-historical context and culture heterogeneity which is found from origin can contribute to understand space comprehension and adapt in special geographical environment. This article can offer pertinence suggestion for local settlements and dwellings and provide theoretical foundation and technical guidance about construction of new countrysides and small traveling towns in Gongbo’gyamda County.The paper draws the following conclusions through a series of research:1. The external environment of settlement(1) Canyon landform is outer space background of the whole Basomtso scenic spot. Steep mountain terrain limits the range of choice of the location for the village, and determines Tibetan Gongbu people living here can only locate their village on the floodplain area of the bottom of the canyon, in where the well-development alluvial fan is often the best choice of settlement place of residence. Settlement location always avoid the gully, close but maintain a certain distance to the river, at the same time, both have the farmland development conditions and connect with the external traffic.(2) The whole settlement spatial layout showing a compact and freedom morphology in affecting of self-sufficient agricultural economic mode.(3) For settlement, a stable population appeared when per-capita acreage reached 600 square meters. When settlement scale exceeded 30 hectares, it was prone to divide.2. The internal space of the settlement(1) Streets with delightful space scale in Cuogao Village came into being in a "bottom-up" way, most of which have natural turnings; A rich variety of interface changes on both sides of the streets brings diversity of psychological perception. Node space relating to public activities, is the focus of people concentrated trend.path nodes, form a strong sense of rhythm of walking space rich taste. Node combines path, forming the strong sense of rhythm of walking space with rich fun.(2) Inside the Cuogao Village, each functional space partition is obvious and relatively independent. The villagers’ living space is created by courtyards. These inner spaces are relative relaxing. And courtyard spaces are 400-600m2 mostly, which is more than 50% of total area of courtyard. The production space and religious space is situated in the south and the north of settlement respectively. The threshing ground is in the building enclosure with strong closing sense. And the prayer flag square is a total openness active space with dim boundary and fairly powerful religious control.(3) The imagery and identifiability of Tibetan Gongbu settlement of Cuogao Village is intensified by various religious landmarks and residential buildings in the village.(4) The main of residential buildings are local model house named flash card house in Cuogao village. The majority of buildings have two layers which are relative independent. The substratum,the 2nd floor and the space beside the 2nd floor and the roof is for sundries,living and forage respectively. The residential buildings, which were built by local stones and woods, can be divided into three classes from textures,such as all stones, stones with woods and all woods. For demands, there are bedrooms,a parlours&a kitchen,corridors,storerooms,a scripture hall,toilets and balconies in the building inner space with diversification.3. The protection and development of historic villagesWith premise of protection, the tourism development of Cuogao village should guarantee durations of traditional spatial pattern of settlement, landscape image, residential buildings, culture heritages. Then the tourism development also should composite specific requests of villages’sustainable development and perfect public infrastructure constructions. After that the development need to promote the inner of residential buildings’ domestic installations. On the basis of no change in residential building style, the development can permute some living space and introduce appropriate tourist consumptions, which percentage of all functions of village should be under exercise strict control, to make the space of tourist spending.