Study On The Traditional Settlement Space Of Oroqen People From The Perspective Of Cultural Anthropology

It is believed that the Oroqen people are descendants of the ancient Shiwei in the northeastern China.As early as in 2000 BC,they started living around the area from the east of Baikal to the Sakhalin Island,and from north of Heilongjiang to south of the Waixing’anling.Before the 1950 s,the Oroqen people had still lived on nomadic hunting as the first economic form.Their settlement form was dominantly the “drifting-hunting”,and so the original safari is largely their only way to acquire food.This special social life has made the Oroqen people form a unique ethic spirit,value orientation,aesthetic pursuit and way of thinking,which are demonstrated in production,life,survival and religious beliefs.Since the settlement,the Oroqen people gradually set their homes along the geographical divisions of the basin.At present,they are mainly sparkled in Greater Khingan Range and Lesser Khingan Range between Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Daxinganling.Today,the Oroqen people’s life,production and social structure have changed differently from the past.The ethic core cultural system formed in thousands of years has been phased out on the brim of endangerment.Under such circumstances,the Oroqen settlement space needs to find a living update strategy suitable for survival.Settlements are one of the physical carriers of human life and a key element in reflecting an ethic culture.In this paper,a study on the Oroqen traditional settlement space is carried out not only concerning settlement its,but with adaptation of the cross-research method in cultural anthropology,and meanwhile certain analyses are made based on the authoritative historical materials,field research and oral history interviews of various periods to find the factors that have an effect on the formation of Oroqen traditional settlement,which may bear connection among the following three aspects: natural environment characteristics,social economic structure and cultural customs.Then exploration,on the basis of the above results about the traceability of the living space,was made into the spatial and spiritual dimensions of the Oroqen traditional settlement space in the material and spiritual levels.For the study of the Oroqen traditional settlement spatial structure,the graphical analysis method was applied in the paper to analyze the living space pattern,the space order in safari and the living space type in the Oroqen traditional settlement space from the natural dimension,the social dimension and the family dimension.To doing so,a view angle from above "100-1000m" is taken to overlook down the settlement to record information about the prototype of their social space,a view angle from above "10-100m" is taken to overlook down the tribes to extract the prototype of the production space,and a view angle from above "1-10m" is taken for the ethnic group to extract the prototype of the living space.In the paper,the study of the Oroqen traditional inhabited cultural space brings in the concept of cultural space,and then transforms intangible beliefs,songs and dances,myths,etiquette,literature and so on into tangible spaces thinking of the significance of the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.The essential elements of rituals that take place in the religious rituals,the festivals and the folk lives are extracted for analysis,so as to decompose the spatial structure of each cultural space and explore the prototypes of these cultural spaces.