Study On The Spatial Pattern Of Rural Residential Area Based On Village Area

The spatial pattern of rural settlement is one of the main contents of Rural Settlement Geography and it is the core of performance of man-land relationship of rural settlement. Under the background of village urbanization and the transformation of social and economic, solving a series of serious problems scientifically and reasonably is conducive to optimizing the structure of rural settlement, harmonizing development in urban and rural areas, accelerating the urbanization and new rural construction of socialism. These issues include the oversize of the per capita area of rural settlement, the dispersion in space layout, the irregularity of the shape of rural settlement, and the lack of unified planning. This paper does some researches by taking Fengxian of Jiangsu Province as the research subject in the perspective of village field scale by applying the methods of spatial analysis in GIS and landscape pattern analysis.This paper does some researches about the following questions: Introducing the background and purpose of this topic, so as the process and context of this study at home and abroad. Presenting the local social and economic condition together with the situation of the land use in Fengxian and explaining the data source, the analysis method and the technical route. Extracting the useful information of rural settlement from the spatial distribution of the land use in Fengxian, describing the characters(such as quantity, size, shape and spatial structure of rural settlement in the dimension of county, town and country at the same time analyzing the spatial structure of rural settlement. Attempting to explain how to affect the spatial pattern of rural settlement from several factors, such as cultivated land, river, transportation and the planning by using different kinds of analysis methods. The analytical methods include the analysis of spatial neighboring property, buffer and landscape character. Explaining the problems and reasons of the spatial pattern of rural settlement, then put forward the optimizing strategies.The results of the research are:1) Most of the rural settlements in Fengxian are small-scale and the per capita area is over large, at the same time the shape is fragmentized and anomalous. The percentage of the number of the rural settlements which are smaller than five mu is52.71,while the total scale of those rural settlements is very small,1.47percent to be exact. However, the rural settlements covers an area of large which is large in a single rural settlement and those rural settlements account for95.41%of the total scale of rural settlements in Fengxian.2) The results reveal stark regional differences in the number and the scale of rural settlements, while no matter which research scale (town-level of village-level) we chose the shape of the rural settlements in Fengxian is irregular. According to the theory of landscape ecology, if the value of the landscape shapes index is bigger than one we can say that the shape is irregular and the degree of fragmentation is higher. So we can get the above conclusions.3) The researches show that there is a considerable positive correlation between the size of rural settlement and farmland. The distance to river is larger, the effect degree to rural settlement is smaller which embodying that the distance is increasing, the density and total size and the degree of fragmentation of the rural settlement is decreasing,while the size of single rural settlement is increasing. The distances to the provincial roads, county roads and the rural roads is shorter, there appears to be more rural settlements and the landscape pattern more likely to be fragmentized, landscape heterogeneity is mainly to be higher, the shape of the landscape patches incline to anomalous and discreet.Getting farther and farther away from the expressway and railway, we find out that rural settlement landscape share of global landscape of land use is bigger and then smaller, so it is the degree of landscape fragmentation, the degree of irregularity of the landscape patch and the connection degree. The planning of the rural settlement plays an important role in influencing the area and the shape of rural settlement, and the influence of area and shape of planning will continue to increase.