Study On Spatial Distribution Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Rural Settlements In Honghu City

Rural settlements are the main places where rural residents carry out their production and activities,and they are the carriers of the spatial distribution of the rural population.The accelerated process of urban-rural integration has had a significant impact on rural settlements,resulting in serious problems of rural hollowing out and inefficient use of land resources.Therefore,studying the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements,evaluating their land suitability and proposing relevant optimisation strategies according to local conditions are conducive to scientific and reasonable planning of rural construction and development and the sustainable development of the human living environment,thus helping to promote rural revitalisation.This paper takes rural settlements in Honghu City as the research object,and is guided by the theories of settlement geography,human-land relationship theory and sustainable development theory,etc.The spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in Honghu City are studied through GIS spatial analysis and landscape pattern index analysis;the factors affecting the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Honghu City are investigated through buffer zone analysis and superposition analysis;the AHP hierarchical analysis method is used to construct a system of indicators for evaluating the suitability of rural settlements in Honghu City.The suitability evaluation index system of rural settlements in Honghu was constructed by using AHP hierarchical analysis to determine the weights of the evaluation factors,and the weights of the evaluation factors were superimposed by using GIS to obtain the results of the suitability evaluation of rural settlements in Honghu;based on the results of the suitability evaluation and the actual situation,relevant suggestions for optimizing the spatial layout of rural settlements in Honghu were put forward.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in Honghu.Rural settlements in Honghu City show an overall pattern of agglomeration distribution,mainly to the west of Huangjiakou Town,showing a distribution pattern of dense in the northwest and sparse in the southeast,with significant regional differences;the estimated value of nuclear density in spatial distribution shows a high trend in the northwest and southern regions and a low trend in other regions,forming a layout of three main core areas and several sub-core areas.The village settlement scale is mainly distributed by small and medium-sized settlements,with the characteristics of low-density large-scale and high-density small-scale clustering distribution,and the complexity of settlement patch shape is high in two townships,Cao Shi Town and Fengkou Town.(2)Factors influencing the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Honghu City.The spatial distribution of rural settlements in Honghu is analysed from four aspects:natural factors,location factors,socioeconomic factors and policy and planning factors,and it is found that natural and location factors have a more obvious influence on the spatial distribution of rural settlements.Rural settlements are mainly distributed on flat slopes with an elevation of 15-35 m,a slope of <5°,a southward and northward slope,a distance of <400m from river systems,a distance of <200m from arable land resources and a distance of <1500m from roads,and the regional distribution characteristics of rural settlements tending towards river systems,arable land resources and traffic roads are more obvious.The development of township centres and social economy has further strengthened the agglomeration of rural settlements and influenced their spatial pattern.(3)Evaluation and Optimization of the Suitability of Rural Settlements in Honghu City.Nine evaluation indicators were selected from three aspects: natural conditions,location conditions and socio-economic conditions to evaluate the suitability of rural settlements in Honghu,and the overall conditions of rural settlements in Honghu were good.The areas of highly suitable,moderately suitable,generally suitable and unsuitable rural settlements are 8205.57hm~2,2607.06hm~2,306.00hm~2 and 5.01hm~2 respectively.Based on the results of the suitability evaluation,corresponding suggestions for optimisation of rural settlement sites are made.