| Rural settlements are an important part of rural China,and are also the main carriers of farmers’ production,life and various social and economic activities,which are created by people who choose to occupy specific areas and have a unique lifestyle.Since the reform and opening up,rapid urbanization has caused a large number of rural people to pour into cities,which has brought about problems such as inefficient land use in rural settlements,serious hollowing out of villages,and imperfect infrastructure allocation.With the implementation of the "rural revitalization" policy,rural development has entered a new stage,and the relationship between urban and rural areas in China has also undergone profound changes.It is imperative to have an indepth understanding of the pattern of rural settlements and further analyze the development dynamics of rural settlements.In order to cope with various problems arising around rural settlements,it is necessary to grasp the temporal and spatial laws of rural settlement development,explore the influencing factors behind the heterogeneity of rural areas and temporal and spatial differences,and reasonably guide the reconstruction and construction planning of rural settlements on the basis of following the development laws of rural settlements,so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of rural human-land relations in a scientific and orderly manner.However,there are many existing studies on a single scale,and less focus on the temporal and spatial differentiation and correlation of the evolution of rural settlements at different scales,which is not conducive to fully grasping the scale differences and internal relationships of rural settlement evolution.This paper takes Hubei Province with obvious geomorphological features and abundant water resources as the research area to study the evolution trend and driving factors of rural settlements in Hubei Province from 1990 to 2020.The GIS spatial geography tool was used to analyze the spatial structure changes of rural settlements,the scale,spatial structure and morphological characteristics of rural settlements in Hubei Province were characterized by landscape pattern index,and the driving factors and influencing mechanisms behind the evolution of rural settlements were analyzed by geographically weighted regression.It lays a foundation for the optimization strategy of rural settlements in Hubei Province according to local conditions.The results showed that:(1)The evolution characteristics of rural settlements in Hubei Province showed strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity in terms of scale,spatial structure and spatial morphology.In terms of scale characteristics,the scale of rural settlements showed an overall increasing trend,while at the municipal level,it showed a trend of "coexistence of increase and decrease".In terms of spatial structure,the overall distribution of rural settlements in Hubei Province showed a clustered distribution,and there was a phenomenon of local hot spot aggregation at the municipal level.In terms of spatial morphology,the rural settlement patches in Hubei Province gradually approached the regular,the spatial morphology evolved to be stable,and the urban area showed a trend of partial complexization.(2)The spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of rural settlements in Hubei Province are the result of the comprehensive effect of natural,social,economic and other influencing factors,among which elevation,slope,total area of water body,urbanization rate,total rural population,total secondary industry output value,per capita income of farmers and road length will all affect the temporal and spatial evolution of rural settlements,and different factors have different degrees of influence.According to the fitting results of GWR model,the influence is as follows: total water body area,total rural population,urbanization rate,per capita income of farmers,slope,elevation,total secondary industry output value,and total road length.(3)Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of rural settlements,the evaluation index system of rural settlement site suitability in Hubei Province was constructed,and the evaluation score of settlement site suitability was between 1.15-4.61,of which the higher the score means the higher the development potential of rural settlements.According to the evaluation results,the 17 cities in the entire study area were divided into four levels:highly suitable area for settlement development,highly suitable area for settlement development,moderate suitable area for settlement development and low suitable area for settlement development.Most of the cities in Hubei Province are in areas suitable for settlement development and medium suitable areas,and there is more room for rural settlement improvement in the future.These research results can provide a certain reference for the planning and management of rural settlements in Hubei Province. |
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