Study On Spatial Pattern And Optimization Strategy Of Oasis Rural Settlement In Ebinur Lake Basin From Ecological Perspective

The Ebinur Lake Basin is located in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang.It is a typical ecological environment sensitive area in northern Xinjiang.In recent years,the ecological environment problems caused by the expansion of rural settlements and population growth in the oasis have become increasingly prominent.The spatial pattern of settlements and its influencing factors,rationally optimizing the layout of rural settlements,help to protect the ecological environment of the oasis from damage and provide a scientific basis for the planning and development of rural settlements under the background of ecological civilization construction and rural revitalization strategy.This paper takes Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture as the research area,using density analysis,hot spot analysis,landscape pattern index and other methods respectively to study the distribution characteristics,scale and shape of rural settlements in the region,and further divide the settlement types,and then using the method of buffer analysis and grey correlation measure the natural and human factors(elevation,slope,river,road,social economy,policy system)that affect the spatial pattern of rural settlements in the study area.According to the above,the existence of the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture is analyzed.In the end,under the guidance of the principle of spatial pattern optimization of rural settlements,the spatial pattern of rural settlements in study area is optimized from an ecological perspective.Waters and forests are used as ecological protection sources,and elevation,slope,road and land use types are selected as resistance factors,using the minimum cumulative resistance model to construct the ecological security protection pattern,and then superimposed it with the rural settlements layer and divided it into different optimization types,in order to explore the optimization direction and strategy of Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture rural settlements pattern.From what we have discussed above,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)The rural settlements in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture are spatially distributed,and the overall distribution pattern is concentrated.Most of the ruralsettlements are concentrated in the central part of the study area.The density of settlements is characterized by “Sparse around and dense in the middle”;in terms of space scale,the overall scale of settlements in the high-value agglomeration mode,the local scale of the settlements is characterized by “Large central area and small circumference”,and the “hot spot” area is mainly distributed in the central part of the study area.In the spatial shape,the settlements is characterized by“overall rules,partial complexity”.The area with high shape index is mainly distributed in the center of towns and villages,near river trunk canals and roads.(2)In terms of the type of rural settlement layout,based on the spatial pattern analysis,the rural settlements in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture are divided into the large scale-complex shap-concentration distribution,the medium scale-complex shape-concentration distribution,the medium scale-regular shape-discrete distribution and the small scale-regular shape-discrete distribution of 4types of combinations,rural settlement layout types are mainly affected by topography,river water,traffic conditions,policies,management systems,urban radiation,lack of planning and so on.(3)Most of the rural settlements are distributed at the altitude of 106-500 m,the slope of 0-1°,the distance of 0-3000 m from the river and 0-2500 m from the road,and with the increase of elevation,slope,distance from the river or road,the number and area of rural settlements in the state are gradually reduced.The spatial pattern of rural settlements in study area is mainly affected by socioeconomic factors such as economic development level,industrial structure adjustment,agricultural mechanization level,villagers' living standards,population growth and migration,and transportation network construction.The policy system factor is the main external power and control of the formation and development of rural settlements in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture.(4)Rural settlements in study area are divided into four optimization types.Combining the settlement types and ecological security protection pattern,explore the directions and strategies of pattern optimization in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture.The key remediation type should properly guide and plan therural settlements around towns and bring them into the scope of urban development,migrate and merge the villages with large ecological environment damage,and build a solid ecological security barrier and an ecological security early warning mechanism for the vulnerable areas.The restricting expansion type should limit the expansion of rural settlements in the region and adopt various methods to control rural environmental pollution,improve infrastructure and improve the livability of villagers.The moderate construction areas can be used as central villages and relocation areas of the limited development rural settlements to develop the ecological aquaculture industry and promote the development of local economy.The concentrating development type can transfer small-scale settlements scattered around to newly built settlements through government guidance,and ecological restoration or reclamation of the land to be withdrawn and reconciled,in addition,it should give full play to its unique location advantages,vigorously develop green eco-friendly rural tourism,and promote local economic development.