Spatial Distribution Pattern And Assessment Of Sustainable Development Of Rural Settlements In Mountainous Areas Of Southwest China

Studying rural settlements is an important way to reveal the relationship between human activities.Reasonably plan the spatial layout of rural settlements,scientifically understand the sustainable development level of rural settlements,and provide reference for the implementation of rural revitalization strategies.This study focuses on the Miaoling mountainous area and uses GIS spatial analysis to quantitatively analyze the distribution of rural settlements at both the area and county levels.The study also explores the factors that influence the spatial distribution of rural settlements and selects indicators based on these factors.Furthermore,the study constructs an evaluation index system for the sustainable development of rural settlements in the area and examines the current level of sustainable development in Miaoling.Based on the analysis results,the study divides rural settlements into four types of sustainable development and proposes optimization strategies for each type.The results show that:(1)Characteristics of the spatial distribution of rural settlements:(1)The rural settlements in the Miaoling Mountains are characterised by high value clustering on a regional scale,and on a county scale by"mountain dispersion and inter-mountain clustering".(2)In the basin scale,the density of village settlements in the northern Qingshui River basin is8.21/km~2 and the density of village settlements in the southern Duliu River basin is 5.00/km~2,showing a basic pattern of"more in the north and less in the south,dense in the north and sparse in the south".The basic pattern is"more in the north and less in the south,dense in the north and sparse in the south".(3)The fragmentation of rural settlements in the Miaoling Mountains is high,with medium and small-scale settlements accounting for 71%of the total,showing a pattern dominated by medium-and small-scale rural settlements,and there is obvious spatial heterogeneity among rural settlements of different scales.(4)The overall morphology of the rural settlements in the Miaoling Mountains is relatively regular,showing the characteristics of"clumps as a supplement and strips as a main feature",and locally"clumps in the mountains and strips by the water".(5)By combining density,scale,morphology,elevation and other indicators and using cluster analysis,it is known that the types of rural settlements in the Miaoling Mountains are loosely grouped clusters in the mountains,dense grouped clusters in the dams,dotted mosaic clusters in the hills,and dense strip and scattered mosaic clusters in the river valleys.(2)Factors influencing the spatial distribution of rural settlements:The spatial distribution of rural settlements in the Miaoling Mountains is mainly influenced by the natural environment,geographical location and socio-economic factors.Firstly,rural settlements in the Miaoling Mountains are mainly distributed in the range of 510-1041m in the middle mountains and 16-25°in the slope,and they are distributed on the north and south sides of the mountain range under the influence of the direction of the mountain range,and the proportion of rural settlements with NDVI>0.56 is 71.75%,which indicates that most of the settlements have good ecological environment quality.Secondly,more than 90%of the rural settlements in the Miaoling Mountains are located within 1km of waterways,with a strong river orientation,while 64.12%of the rural settlements are located beyond 1km from roads,with a weak road orientation.Thirdly,in terms of socio-economic factors,nearly half of the settlements in the Miaoling Mountains are located in the range of population density of 95.40-259.54 people/km2,the larger and less numerous the rural settlements are in the areas with the highest population density values,61%of the rural settlements are mainly in the range of GDP below 4.05 million yuan,and when the density of arable land is in the range of>30.393 pieces/km2,the The number of rural settlements occupies half of the total and has a strong arable land orientation.The spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the degree of influence of each factor on the spatial distribution of rural settlements in the Miaoling Mountains was GDP>arable land>population density>elevation>slope>water system>county administrative centre>village administrative centre>township administrative centre>slope position>road>NDVI>slope aspect.(3)Evaluation of the sustainability of rural settlements:More than 70%of the rural settlements in the Miaoling Mountains are at a low to medium level of sustainability.From a general spatial point of view,taking the Tianzhu to Dushan line as the boundary,the overall sustainable development level of rural settlements is"high in the northwest and low in the southeast";from a regional scale,settlements with medium to high sustainable development tend to be distributed around urban areas,while settlements with low sustainable development are scattered.Based on the sustainable development levels of different rural settlements and the current development situation of the Miaoling Mountains,the rural settlements are classified into four types of development:restricted development,adjusted development,transitional development and core development,and four optimization models are proposed for the above types:resource integration and relocation,preservation and control and restriction of expansion,moderate construction and linked development,and priority development and unified planning.