Landscape Pattern Optimization In Mountains Area Based On GIS

The land-use optimization has been one of the important ways to achieve sus-tainable land use, to promote regional economic development and harmonious environment. More people and less land is the basic situation in China, and more and more farmland conversion to construction land will be a reality in the present phase as China is speeding up industrialization and urbanization process. It is a significant problem which needs to be studied immanently that how to achieve sustainable land use in the process of speedy development of economy. A scientific optimization allocation of land resource can unleash capability of land use, improve concentration effect of land resource and also can maintain a balance of land ecosystems.?The traditional optimization allocation of land use study focuses on the optimal structure of the amount of land use, but the study on the spatial optimization of land use is ignored. This article takes Qixia City as a case which located in Jiaodong peninsular (typical for mountains and hills). The development and application of GIS technology provides techno-support for researching on the analysis of spatial variation and quantification of terrain, soil, land-use, etc. This paper established landscape pattern optimization of apple orcahards in Qixia City, urban landscape pattern optimization and landscape pattern optimization in watershed. Based on the three landscape pattern optimization, landscape pattern optimization in mountains area was established. Our result showed that the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model provided decision-making basis for agriculture structure adjustment of Qixia City.(1)Terrain niche was used to describe the terrain difference in Qixia City, and nondimensional distribution index was used to semiquantitatively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics based on the remotely sensed interpretation maps of landscape elements. Distribution index can describe the difference between the actual distribution and the standard distribution of a landscape element, ex-cluding the disturbance of the area therefore availing kinds of comparative analyses. The dominant distribution scales of apple orchard, forestry and the build is[2,15], [5,40] and [1,11] in Qixia City.(2)It is necessary to determine landscape pattern optimization of apple orchard based on the ecological suitability for agriculture structure adjustment of Qixia City. Based on the simulation of illumination, heat condition and topographical distributions, and choosing land use types as landscape medium surface, this paper established a minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model by using GIS technology, and explored the single land use optimization method of apple orchard in mountains area. Qixia City was divided into four developmental zones: the most suitable zone, high suitable zone, suitable zone and the sub-suitable zone which were 20466 hm², 38392hm², 97367hm², 41301hm², respectively. The acreage of the most and high suitable zone for apple planting was 29.84% of the total area.(3)Assumed two processes of town land and ecological protected land expanding to smiulate urban landscape pattern optimization, this paper established an ecological suitability assessment method based on minmi um cumulative resistance margin, which can be expressed byusing the formula of MCR_margin = MCR_{ecological protected land expansion}- MCR_{urban land expansion}.When one pixel's MCR_margin<0, it should be divided into ecoappropriate land; Instead, when MCR_margin>0, it should be classified as the land suitable for construction; and when MCR ₍margin0= 0, it should be regard as the watershed between eco-appropriate and construction suitable land. As an example of Cuiping and Zhuangyuan subdistrict office, this paper selected the existing town land and eco-protected land as the sources of expanding, and established a system to calculate resistance from six aspects: terrain, land use, hydrogeology, ecological value, ecological sensitivity, and ecological function. Based on thementionedmethod, this paper divided Cuiping and Zhuangyuan subdistrict office into four developmental zones: prohibited, restricted, key and optmi ized areas, which were 5912hm²,3049hm²,4244hm²,2181hm², respectively. The land suitable for eco-protection was 8961hm², while suitable for construction was 6425 hm².(4)Landscape pattern optimization in watershed was established by using MCR and the general arrangement of aggregate-with-outliers for reference. Ziniushan watershed was divided into core source reserve area, ecological buffer area, farming area and human life area which were 6595hm²,2640hm²,2353hm²,622hm², respectively. Finally some effective measures were advanced to keep the steady of Ziniushan watershed and sustainable land-use management.(5)Landscape pattern optimization in mountains area was proposed based on landscape pattern optimization of apple orchard, urban landscape pattern optimization and landscape pattern optimization in watershed. Three ecological zones were divided according to terrain niche index, namely low mountain woodland-grass zone, hilly crop-orchard-woodland zone, plain crop ecological zone. Manipulative optimization methods were put forward to provide guideline for local agricultural structure adjustment and sustainable socio-economic development.