| The “14th Five-Year Plan” period is critical for the transformation of old and new momentums.As the economy enters a new normal,the previous “factor-driven”urban development model is unsustainable and needs to shift from “factor-driven” to“innovation-driven”.As cities act as main carriers of the economy and society,the theme of the new development stage is to cultivate and strengthen the new elemental momentum and promote the high-quality development(HQD)of the city.The “Great Protection,Great Governance” strategy requires efficient implementation of environmental protection in the Yellow River Basin(YRB).This requires local governments to reduce horizontal competition within the region,enhance transformation between the old and new momentums,and promote high-quality development of the region.Therefore,a systematic study on the impact of factor mobility on high-quality urban development is not only necessary for practicing the new development concept in the new stage,but also for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.In this paper,the author compares the research results on factor mobility,governmental behavior,and high-quality urban development,takes 62 cities in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)as the research object,uses the new development concept as the entry point to explain the connotation of high-quality urban development,and constructs an evaluation index system of high-quality urban development.Besides,the author measures the level of high-quality urban development in 62 cities in the YRB from 2008 to 2020 by combining the entropy value method and analytic hierarchy process,and explores the temporal,spatial,and spatial evolution characteristics of high-quality urban development in 62 cities in the YRB during the sample observation period.On this basis,the author empirically analyzes the impact of factor mobility on high-quality urban development from two perspectives:traditional factor mobility and data factor mobility.In terms of traditional factor mobility,the author constructs a spatial econometric model to explore the spatial effects of labor mobility,capital mobility,and technology diffusion on urban highquality development,and uses a panel threshold model to investigate the nonlinear characteristics of the impact of traditional factor mobility on high-quality urban development under different levels of government competition.In terms of data factor mobility,the author constructs a spatial econometric model to explore the spatial effects of data factor mobility on the impact of high-quality urban development,and introduces government behaviors on this model to test the impact of data factor mobility and government behaviors on high-quality urban development.Through the research,the following conclusions are drawn.(1)The high-quality urban development level in the YRB increases dynamically during the sample period.On the whole,the high-quality development of cities in the east,west,and north is higher than those in the middle and north,with the “centerperiphery” feature of spreading from the provincial capital to neighboring cities.The level of high-quality development in the YRB and in the upper reaches to lower reaches during the sample period shows a steady increase in time series.The trend of high-quality development levels in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the YRB is basically the same as the overall trend of the basin,and the inter-regional links are relatively close.The level of high-quality development in the lower reaches of the YRB has grown the fastest during the sample period,and the level of high-quality development in the lower reaches is only 0.1918 in 2008,which is at the lower level of the whole basin,and has been steadily in the leading position of the basin as a whole since 2013,and the level of high-quality development in the lower reaches achieves 0.7179 in 2020.In terms of numerical size,the cities in the YRB in 2020 are ranked as lower reaches > upper reaches > middle reaches in terms of their highquality development level,with some degree of imbalance between cities in the middle and lower reaches.The reason for this is that the cities in the lower reaches are close to the eastern coastal areas and have a higher level of modernization and higher quality of development.The development of industrial enterprises with higher carbon emissions in the cities in the middle reaches affects the high-quality urban development to some extent in the transition.In terms of the five subsystems,China’s strategy for innovation development enables innovation development to improve fast during the sample period.Besides,coordinated development,openness development,and shared development improve steadily in time series,and green development shows fluctuations in its improvement.The ranking of the cities in terms of the degree of improvement is innovation development > coordinated development >openness development > shared development > green development.In terms of regions,the level of high-quality development of cities in the lower reaches is better than that of middle and upper cities.The gap in the green development level between the middle and upper reaches is larger,and the gap of other subsystems such as innovation development and coordinated development is smaller.(2)There is a spatial effect of high-quality development level among cities in the YRB,and the local spatial correlation is positively significant,with the H-H and L-L agglomeration types.Labor mobility will promote the high-quality development of the city,but its spatial spillover effect will hinder the high-quality development of neighboring cities.As China’s economy gradually enters a new stage of “structural slowdown”,the downward pressure on the economy is increasing and the“demographic dividend” is gradually disappearing,the driving mechanism of labor mobility to high-quality development of cities is gradually weakening or even has a negative effect.Therefore,the optimization of labor force structure and improvement of labor force quality have become urgent needs for the development of cities in the YRB.Capital mobility promotes the high-quality development of the city,but its spatial spillover effect will hinder the high-quality development of neighboring cities.In the new development stage,it is difficult to meet the requirements of high-quality development of cities in the YRB by the extensive economic development supported by capital accumulation and factor inputs.Local governments should optimize the allocation of capital factors and improve the efficiency of capital allocation to promote the high-quality development of cities.Technology diffusion contributes significantly to the high-quality development of the cities themselves,and its spillover effect also contributes to the high-quality development of neighboring cities.The reason is that the governments of cities in the YRB have continued to increase innovation investment,accelerate the reform of the science and technology system,pilot innovation demonstration zones,promote the construction of high-tech enterprises,and cultivate “specialized,sophisticated,special,and novel” SMEs to promote high-quality urban development.Government competition has a significant threshold effect in the process of traditional factors influencing the high-quality development of cities,and the influence of labor mobility,capital mobility,and technology diffusion on the high-quality development of cities in the YRB has significant non-linear characteristics.When government competition is too mild or intense,labor mobility hurts high-quality urban development;when government competition is relatively moderate,labor mobility promotes high-quality urban development in the YRB.On the contrary,with the increase of horizontal competition among local governments in the YRB,the contribution of capital mobility and technology diffusion to high-quality urban development decreases gradually until it becomes inhibitory.(3)The impact of data factor mobility on high-quality urban development has a significant spatial effect,and the data factor mobility not only has a significant contribution to the high-quality urban development but also has a significant contribution to the high-quality development level of other cities.In terms of innovation development,data factor mobility is reflected in the formation of new digital industries and the digital transformation of traditional enterprises with the participation of big data as new production factors.On the other hand,it is related to the innovation of relevant industries and the upgrading of traditional industries realized through industrial association.In terms of coordinated development,the core role played by data factor mobility in production is to use the valuable information carried by data to improve the synergy between labor,capital,and other factors and enhance the overall operational efficiency of the market.In terms of green development,data is a non-polluting and renewable means of production.Innovating the use of data resources can effectively eliminate the excessive consumption of tangible resources,reduce environmental pollution and ecological damage,and help promote the formation of a green,low-carbon,and sustainable economic and social development model.In terms of openness development,new momentum for data plays an important role in promoting the openness sharing of government data and the standardization of social data collection.In terms of shared development,new momentum for data can create more opportunities for disadvantaged groups to participate in modern economic activities and share the fruits of development and for backward regions to give full play to their late-mover advantages,thus promoting the balanced development of different regions and people and achieving common prosperity.Fully exploiting the knowledge sharing brought by data sharing,backward regions and disadvantaged groups bring their late-mover advantages into full play without active participation in the division of labor and cooperation.With regard to the effects of data factor mobility and governmental behaviors on cities’ high-quality development,the economic construction behaviors and their interaction terms with data factor mobility will promote the city’s high-quality development,but are detrimental to the high-quality development of neighboring cities;the technological development will promote the high-quality development of both the city and its neighboring cities,but the interaction terms of technological development and data factor mobility will further enhance the local effects of the city’s high-quality development and have negative effects on the high-quality development of neighboring cities;the public service behaviors and their interaction terms with data factor mobility will promote the city’s own high-quality development.(4)The recommendations for promoting high-quality urban development are proposed at two levels: factor mobility and government behavior.In terms of factor mobility,firstly,the government should accelerate the mobility of data factors with mechanism innovation as the driving force,encourage the development of common support platforms and industries for digital transformation,accelerate the development of new models and business forms such as platform economy and sharing economy,actively promote the digital transformation of traditional industries,boost the construction of new infrastructure,promote the free flow of data elements,drive the high-quality development of cities in the YRB,and enhance the level of high-quality development.Secondly,the government should strengthen the supervision of data factors,create an open and inclusive environment,design special laws and regulations on personal privacy information to protect citizens’ personal privacy and their right to know,and regulate and guide the use and handling of citizens’ privacy information by the government and enterprises.In addition,the government should promote the upgrading of human capital structure,actively implement the strategy of “internal training and external introduction of talent”,and continuously improve the advanced degree of urban human capital structure.Thirdly,the government should improve the regional collaborative innovation system and promote the optimal allocation of regional innovation resources.In the process of promoting high-quality urban development,the intrinsic connection between factor endowment characteristics and regional development patterns should be taken into full account,different industrial development strategies and talent layout patterns should be adopted according to the differences of cities in the region,and different resources should be allocated in the region according to local conditions.Lastly,the government should improve the regional system innovation system.In terms of governmental behavior,the government should increase the investment in science and technology,encourage cooperation between industries,universities,and research institutions and transform scientific and technological innovations into real productivity,thus realizing high-quality urban development.Moreover,the government should improve the performance evaluation system of basic public services and promote the equalization of public services between regions.The construction of digital government should also be accelerated.The government should make reasonable use of big data and artificial intelligence technology to cope with uncertainties and find a suitable transformation path,so as to improve the quality of transformation from cyber government to data government and to smart government,and further improve the governance capacity of digital government and realize the transformation of government aimed at “serving the people” in the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.Finally,the government should build a spatial interaction pattern oriented to high-quality development,and guide the formation of a benign interaction pattern between developed and backward regions in the region,so that developed regions and neighboring cities can form a community of interests that interact and promote each other,and promote the process of regional integration.Once the positive spatial spillover effect is formed in the region,it will gradually spread and eventually promote the development quality of the region and even the whole country.Compared with the existing literature,the marginal contributions of this paper are mainly reflected in the following aspects.First,with the focus on high-quality urban development and with cities in the YRB as the research object,this paper explores the causes of the differences in the level of high-quality development of cities in the YRB and clarifies the relationship between factor mobility and highquality development of cities in the YRB.Second,this paper depicts the mechanism of factor mobility in the process of high-quality development in the YRB from a theoretical perspective.Third,based on the theoretical interpretation,this paper constructs a spatial Durbin model and a panel threshold model to empirically investigate the impact and mechanism of factor mobility on the high-quality development of the YRB,and further analyze the relationship between factor mobility and high-quality urban development from the perspectives of government competition,economic construction,science and technology innovation,and public service,in order to provide a reference for the policy design and path optimization of high-quality development in the YRB in the new development stage. |
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