| Ecosystem services are important resources that nature feeds back to humans,and are resources and environmental dependencies for the survival,production and progress of human society.The coordinated development of ecological environment and economic and social development is a long-term hot topic,and ecological environment is the basis of sustainable development.Regional ecological environment changes have become an important factor to promote or hinder economic development with social development,especially in the ecologically fragile areas in the northwest region,where historical economic development is already slow.How to achieve the simultaneous promotion of ecological and environmental management and sustainable economic development is not only related to the living standard of local residents and their sustainable development,but also closely related to the realization of global sustainable development aspirations,and the coordinated development of ecology,resources,society and economy is the basic condition for the realization of sustainable development goals.Based on the basic problem of sustainable socio-ecologicaleconomic development of the river basin,this study analyzes the ecosystem service value,the coordination between ecological protection and economic development in the major administrative units of the river basin in the past 20 years,the RD model is used to preliminarily determine whether there were economic effect of the ecological compensation policies in the Shiyang River basin,what kind of economic effect,and the time range of the effect.Further,the DID model is used to verify and analyze whether the ecological compensation policies in the Shiyang River basin had have impact on the basin economy,how it had have impact,the size of the impact,and its hysteresis and sustainability.Finally,by constructing a DEA model that integrates economic,social and ecological desired and undesired benefits to assess the comprehensive compensation efficiency of the ecological compensation policies in the Shiyang River Basin,the study found that:The growth trend of ecological service value in Shiyang River Basin from 2000 to2019 is obvious;the coupling degree of natural ecology and socio-economic development in each county(district)of Shiyang River Basin is between(0,0.4),and the coordination degree of ecological environment and socio-economy in each county(district)is between 0.1-0.4,indicating that the Shiyang River Basin needs to continue to improve the coordination relationship between the development of social economy and the protection of ecological environment,and adhere to the active implementation of ecological protection policies to continue the increasingly coordinated trend between economic and social development and ecological environment protection.The implementation of the watershed ecological compensation policy produced a significant positive tertiary economic effect from 2005-2007 and a significant positive primary economic effect from 2007-2010.The prior start of the implementation of the Shiyang River Basin Key Management Project Phase I in 2006 has played a significant role in promoting the economic development of the basin,and the economic effect of this policy is sustainable;ecological compensation in the basin has promoted the dynamic balance of ecological,social and economic benefits,but there is a great need to optimize the industrial structure and promote the sustainable economic development of the Shiyang River Basin.Under the consideration of non-desired output,the overall ecological compensation efficiency values in the Shiyang River basin from 2002 to 2019 all belong to the absolute effective state,and the trend of change over time is more obvious,showing fluctuating changes and an overall upward trend,and the type of efficiency generally shows a fluctuating shift from relatively ineffective to relatively effective relative to the average standard line,but the efficiency values at the end of the study period show a larger decline compared with the previous year.The absolute and relative differences of ecological compensation efficiency between regions in Shiyang River basin show fluctuating trends of narrowing;from the division of basin location,the ecological compensation efficiency between three regions of the basin: upstream,midstream and downstream regions,the ecological compensation efficiency in the upstream region maintains a steady increase and the efficiency values are all at fully effective levels,while the ecological compensation efficiency in the midstream and downstream regions both show fluctuating trends of change.The efficiency values are the highest and the lowest among the three regions respectively.In addition,the total factor productivity growth,technical efficiency growth,and technical progress efficiency growth of ecological compensation in Shiyang River Basin from 2002 to 2019 all show an upward trend,and in general,the technical progress index has a more significant contribution to the total factor productivity of ecological compensation in Shiyang River Basin,and the technical efficiency index has a somewhat greater contribution to the total factor productivity of ecological compensation in individual years,and most of the years show that the two together promote the total factor productivity growth of ecological compensation in Shiyang River Basin.There are more obvious inter-regional differences in the total factor productivity of ecological compensation and its influencing factors in Shiyang River Basin.From the three regions of the basin,the total factor productivity growth in the upstream region showed an increasing trend in most years and the fastest growth rate at the end of the study period,the midstream region was the fastest growing ecological compensation total factor productivity in the three regions,and the ecological compensation total factor productivity growth in the downstream region was slightly lower than that in the upstream and midstream regions,the ecological compensation total factor productivity in the three regions was affected by both technical efficiency and technical progress index,and the contribution of the two varied in different periods.In general,the current ecological compensation policy of the Shiyang River Basin has a significant and continuous promotion effect on its economic development.The duration of the promotion effect depends on the optimization of the industrial structure of the Shiyang River Basin and the degree of development of the ecological economy industry,and is controlled by the dynamic balance between the ecological management benefits and the economic development benefits of the ecological compensation policy of the Shiyang River Basin.It may also be influenced by a variety of factors at the same time,such as residents’ ability to save,government support,regional economic activity,labor input level,and education level.In addition,although this paper measures the ecological compensation efficiency of the Shiyang River basin considering non-desired outputs and analyzes its evolutionary law,there is room for further exploration,such as comparing the numerical comparison of efficiency across regions,refining the trend evolutionary process,and revealing the evolutionary stages and driving mechanisms of ecological compensation efficiency in the basin.Finally,in terms of the follow-up work of this study,firstly,we will further analyze the mechanism of action of the ecological compensation policy of Shiyang River Basin on its economic development,i.e.,the specific economic effects of the ecological compensation policy on the primary,secondary and tertiary industries in Shiyang River Basin;secondly,we will consider analyzing the comprehensive performance of the ecological compensation policy of Shiyang River Basin in order to analyze the dynamic balance between its ecological management benefits and economic development benefits,with a view to providing reference suggestions for the ecological management policy of Shiyang River Basin for better development and sustainable development. |
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