| The history of media evolvement also can be regarded as the revolutionary history of communication structure,in which the time-space relationship has fundamental changed.Currently the media tide not only possesses the ability to remarkably stride across the barrier of time and space,but also exerts great influence on society.In this circumstance,it provides conditions for the generation and rapid development of live video streaming.However,live video streaming has grown in huge controversy since its birth,such as user carnival with negative orientation,democratic practice with business expansion,continuous supervision with problem and so on.All kinds of disputes are tit-for-tat,which has become the unique social influence of live video streaming.In this article,the author considers that the main reason for the controversy caused by live video streaming in China is the competition of different power subjects for the new media technology of live video streaming,against the background of media technology originally owned by the state no longer continues the current ownership system.The power subject attempts to use media technology to maintain existing ideology or communicate new ideology in order to achieve specific power intentions.Therefore,this article breaks through the existing research from single perspective of commerce,culture or regulation to examine the present situation of live video streaming,deepening the production practice of live video streaming to spy upon power game process and logic in this field.At the same time,the author tries to discover the power interaction driven by technology through the new media form of live video streaming,and to examine the social impact of this power interaction.As a self-media platform with user-generated content,the production process of live video streaming not only gathers the personal factors of users,but also permeates the design of rules for the purpose of making profits and the supervision of live video streaming content by the state power.Content production in live video streaming room is the representation of power game for the platform,as well as the result of power game itself.Therefore,this research takes the communication content from live video streaming room as the entry point and Bourdieu's field theory as the guidance,through the network ethnography observation of 4 network live show anchors and the in-depth interview of 20 live video streaming anchors,based on the users' personal behavior,institutionalized setting of live video streaming platform and the management mode of government departments to analyze the capital and habituation in the live video streaming field.On this basis,the power game reflected in the content production process of live video streaming could be investigated.From the above research design,the main contents of each chapter are as follows:Chapter ? is the introduction which expounds the origin of the research.Through literature review,research questions could be focused on.The research will be carried out from the triple subjects of social power,capital power and political power corresponding to user,platform and the government.This chapter also explains the theoretical framework,research methods and research significance.Chapter ? examines the content production of live video streaming fields from the perspective of user.T Through text analysis and discourse analysis of the live content of 4 live show network anchors,the capital and habitus of network anchors in the production process are grasped,so as to investigate the role of user in content production.Research found that the real-time transmission and reception of live video streaming and the strong interactive characteristics make the live content highly dynamic and fragmented.The competitive capital of live video streaming anchors originates from the image staring brought by single-camera communication and the individual's need for spiritual belonging in the atomized society.Based on this,appeal to visual physical and resort to the spirit of personality become two competing capital for live video streaming anchor.The habitus of network anchors can be reflected through discourse.Anchors provoke audiences' sexual fantasy with self-stigma discourse,strengthen audiences' cognitive involvement in intimate relationship with intimate relationship discourse,and induce audiences' consumption with competition discourse.These three kinds of discourses are devoted to improving the emotional connection between anchors and audiences and injecting consumption power into audiences by creating images of communities.Chapter ? investigates the institutionalized design of live video streaming platforms from the perspective of platform.By analyzing live video streaming texts and typical cases,this research discusses the logical framework of live video streaming platforms in daily broadcast,audience appreciation and industrial cooperation,and investigates how capital power can shape the content of the live broadcast field.In terms of communication design,the live video streaming platform operates with ritualized communication ideas,cultivates the consumption habit of audience through "daily ceremony",strengthens the collective memory of audience based on consumption through "competition ceremony",and creates false ideology through "coronation ceremony".In terms of viewing design,the platform builds an enormous fan system and tries to change the weak relationship of network connection into a strong one,so as to generate a virtual power hierarchy of relationship based on audience consumption.In terms of industrial design,the platform cooperates with cultural intermediaries to make live video streaming anchors become a realization tool which can be mass produced and create false data to attract real network flow.Although live video streaming platform does not directly participate in content production,through institutionalized design,the capital logic of the platform penetrates deeply into users' using habit,and the capital formation and discourse system of anchors can find fundamental explanations from the system design of the platform.Chapter ? discusses the intervention of political power in live video streaming from the perspective of the government.Firstly,this chapter starts from the viewpoint of technology philosophy to analyze how live video streaming technology brings challenges to political power.Secondly,combined with the government's governance mode for live video streaming and the effectiveness of live video streaming technology itself to examine the complex relationship between political power and live video streaming platforms.Political power is the meta-capital of all social fields.On the one hand,various national departments continue to introduce policies to strengthen management,but the implementation of the policies is not rigorous.By way of "questioning",on the other hand,countries outside the resort to system policy constraints set up resorting to dialogue space of flexible management.This combination of strictness and leniency reveals the country's ambivalent attitude towards live video streaming and its exploration of discipline for emerging communication media.Under the guidance of the state and the consciousness of corporate responsibility,live video streaming platforms began to produce and broadcast mainstream ideological contents,so as to meet the political needs,build the legitimacy for platform operation,and then find self-consistent logic for commercial operation.Consequently,even if live video streaming problems continue,the platforms still thrive.Chapter ? is based on the analysis of chapter two,three and four.Combined with the habituation of user,platform and the government in the field of network live video streaming,the logic of power game in this field of will be explored to explore.In this way,the fundamental factors for the disordered but rapid development of live video streaming are found.On the relationship between capital power and social power,the capital power represented by the live video streaming platform has an absolute dominant effect on social power,which controls the public in the form of power stealth rather than suppression.On the surface,the platform grants the right to use technology to the public,but in fact firmly grasps the generating power of the symbol environment.By constructing the symbolic world outside the real life and injecting commercial meaning into it,capital power transcendentally infuses the commercial live video streaming value standard into the framework of user consciousness and shapes the seemingly rational but actually controlled usage habit of user.At the same time,commercial division is adopted to bring live video streaming anchors into the interest community,and the platform establishes a stable relationship structure and economic connection in the power endorsement of anchors,thus completing the stealth process of capital power.On the game between capital power and political power,as the main subject of capital,live video streaming platform possesses the live video streaming technology,and the political power that loses the technical ownership launches the dominant discipline to the capital subject.The capital subject caters to the political demand in the process of appeasing and drawing in political power to obtain the identity.Even by means of "generative rules",the logic of capital operation is meaningfully grafted with political needs,and the power of growth is established in political power.Though the soft,life-like way of power based on identity and demand,capital power counteracts the dominant influence of political power and gains a high degree of autonomy in capital proliferation.On the relationship between political power and social power,the capital logic of live video streaming platform nearly eradicates the public potential of live video streaming,only very few social subjects rely on self-organizing force to carry out weak public broadcasting practice.But here's the paradox,when political power lectures live video streaming platform to carry out mainstream ideological communication,and have communication demand for the new communication technology,the power of public live video streaming spontaneously formed by social subjects has become the double rigid need of political power and capital power.In the deep involvement of capital wave to the live video streaming,political power should activate the action channel of social power through effective system construction and resource construction,and give full play the social role of social power in safeguarding public interests and resisting capital erosion.Chapter ? investigates the influence of live video streaming field on relevant field.Focusing on the relatively specific field of cultural production and the relatively generalized field of daily life,this article discusses the influence brought by the unique consumption mode of live video streaming and the mixed text form of reality and fiction.This chapter mainly holds a critical position,introspecting on the consequences of the capital power represented by the live video streaming platform more covertly controlling public consumption and attracting the government to establish stronger legitimacy for itself.This study is not limited to the power game in the single field of live video streaming,but from the perspective of how technology reconstructs human life,to think about the new media power of the new media platform under the marriage of technology and capital. |
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