Research On Governance Tools Of Modern Vocational Education

Both the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform and the report delivered on the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China brought forward the overarching goal of comprehensively deepening the reform with notable progress made in modernizing China's system and capacity for governance.The plan,titled “Chinese modernization of education 2035,” put forward that Chinese government should improve their abilities of comprehensively applying modern governance vehicles such as laws,standards,and information services so as to promote the modernization of China's education system and capacity for governance.Modern governance vehicles like laws,standards,information services are governance tools.Modern vocational education governance refers to cooperation and practice among governance subjects based on adjusting their relations.The foundation of vocational education governance means the adjustment of relations for governance subjects.The basic form of governance is the cooperation of governance subjects.It is aimed at shaping the cooperation order of governance subjects contributing to maximizing public interests.It holds the key issue in the cooperation of governance subjects.Governance tools can solve governance difficulties and achieve the governance target;Furthermore,governance tools of vocational education are to deal with the cooperation difficulty of governance subjects.Therefore,what this research defines the essential issue in the governance tool of modern vocational education is“whether it is possible to cooperate among governance subjects of vocational education and how to realize the cooperation order on the basis of governance tools”.For this purpose,from the methodologies of systems science,social network science and complexity science,the dissertation adopts the approaches of literature study,investigating and case to construct the analytical framework of “tool-relationcooperation-cooperation order” and the “theory of governance tools for modern vocational education” according to theories of tools of production from Marx,governance,relation and some related theories of whether it is possible to cooperate and how to establish the cooperation order ”.According to the classification standard of “function-property”,from the perspectives of essence,performance-based feature and complementary function of governance tools,this dissertation divides governance tools of modern vocational education into four types: administration,market,society and information.The governance tool of administration includes policy,standard and organization.Its fundamental property is authority and regulation and its performance-based feature is authority,enforcement,regulation and command,so it has functions of enforcement and regulation.The tool of policy comprehensively coordinates the relations of administration,economy and education in the governance subject of vocational education with executive power to make the cooperation of governance subjects compulsory and guarantee it;The tool of standard provides the criterion for the cooperation of governance subjects and establishing relations of governance subjects in vocational education;The tool of organization covers the inter-ministerial joint meeting on vocational education of the State Council and the national advisory council on vocational education and they respectively provide guarantees of coordinated organization and professional guidance for the cooperation of governance subjects in vocational education.Tools of policy,standard and organization are applied in coordination and unification to create a favorable environment of policy and a well-being legal order.The governance tool of market that is an aggregation of various vehicles with the feature of market is also called a method based on the market,including property right,finance and contract.Its fundamental property is market incentives with its performance-based feature of incentives of market and economy and its function of market incentives.The tool of property right has exclusiveness and clarification and it can reduce the indeterminacy for the establishment of governance subjects in the vocational education;Financial tools are incentive to establish the partnership of governance subjects and can enrich the forms of cooperation of governance subjects in the vocational education;Contract tools standardize procedures of establishing the partnership of governance subjects in the vocational education and ensure the performance of rights and obligations under the contract.Taking comprehensive use of property rights,finance and contract would improve the market environment following the cooperation order of governance subjects in the vocational education and provide market rules for the cooperation of subjects advancing the establishment of market order in the cooperation of governance subjects.The governance tool of society covers culture,symbol and credit.Its essence is cultural signals with the performance-based feature of reproduction in the symbolic meaning of culture and the function of cultural guidance and signal.Cultural tools advance cultural identity that promotes the establishment of partnership in the governance subjects of vocational education;Symbol and credit belong to signal tools that would optimize the sifting of cooperation partners and the partnership of governance subjects to ensure the cooperation quality of governance subjects.Making comprehensive use of tools of culture,symbol and credit will improve the cultural environment in the governance of vocational education and strengthen the foundation of trust in the cooperation of governance subjects contributing to shaping the credit order in the governance of vocational education.The governance tool of information means a vehicle for information containing the platform of public information,business intelligence services and the platform of organization information.The tool has the function of information assurance with the essence of information and the performance-based feature of flowing and sharing information.It promotes governance subjects of vocational education to build the identity of “information literate” and clarifies production obligations of information for subjects.It can fully meet the demand of information in the cooperation of subjects and adjust the supply and demand of information between governance subjects lessening information conflicts in the cooperation of subjects.This tool will improve the information environment in the governance of vocational education to make the order of information ecology for governance subjects' cooperation in the vocational education.Governance tools of modern vocational education encounter the issue of incomplete development and inadequate application.To cope with paying less attention to governance tools,it is suggested that governance subjects of vocational education should build the “consciousness of tool” to completely give play to the role of governance tools;For the question of unbalance between supply and demand with short supply and low quality,we offer advice to perfect the tool kit of governance in the modern vocational education such as expanding the effective supply on the tool of policy,developing financial tools combining with vocational education,innovating the governance tool of society and comprehensively exploiting the governance tool of information;In response to no extensive application of governance tools in the vocational education,we suggest to take comprehensive use of governance tools of vocational education in coordination and unification.