Study On The Formation And Development Of Urbanization Region

As the great engine of economic growth and the only way of modernization,urbanization has become the main mode and policy choice for all countries in the world to pursue rapid economic development.By the end of 2016,the urbanization rate has reached 57.35%in China.According to the general law of urbanization,the transformation and development of urbanization is imperative.However,how to promote the high quality and high benefit development of urbanization economy through urbanization transformation and avoid all kinds of urban diseases and break city-countryside dual structure and realize the integration and development of urban and rural areas effectively.It is still a major topic in the deepening of research.The report of 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has put forward:"As socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era,the principal contradiction facing Chinese society has evolved.What we now face is the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life." And clarifies the strategy of coordinated development of urban areas is:"We will create networks of cities and towns based on city clusters,enabling the coordinated development of cities of different sizes and small towns,and speed up work on granting permanent urban residency to people who move from rural to urban areas." This shows that facing the new form of urbanization,China has begun to promote urban development from both material and social space,paying more attention to the synergy of urban development.It also means that it will be a long-term theoretical research task for China to explore the general law of urbanization regional development.Based on this,this paper takes the research on the formation and development of urbanized areas as a topic,and discusses how to realize the overall development of urbanized economy in China in the new era from the two aspects of the recessive(social space)and the dominant(material space)of urbanization development.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the core issues and operational mechanism of urbanization region,which will promote the sustainable,healthy and efficient development of urban economy and realize the socialist modernization and the Chinese dream.The spread and agglomeration of urbanization constantly reshape the regional spatial structure,upgrade the regional economic level and optimize the industrial structure.It has become the focus of attention of the theoretical circles and policy-makers of various countries,which has been confirmed in the historical trend of urbanization development.It is one of the forward-looking topics of theoretical economics and regional economics to discuss the regional development strategy and policy choice of urbanization,which not only conforms to the mainstream trend of social and economic development and urbanization development of contemporary developing countries,but also can promote the synchronous development of new industrialization,informatization,urbanization and agricultural modernization in China.After entering the new century,the rapid development of urbanization in China has promoted the rapid growth of regional economy.However,the balance of regional development has been gradually highlighted,especially in recent years.At present,the development reality of "five high and five low" in the process of urbanization provides an explanation for this imbalance.First,the development of urbanization is high,and the development of quality and efficiency is low.The speed of urbanization in China is rising in a straight line,and in more than ten years it has achieved the development effect of the developed countries for several decades.However,the quality and benefit of development are obviously not consistent with that.The speed of urbanization is accelerating.The urban infrastructure,life style,living environment,urban management,employment absorption and human construction are still the hot topics of the community.Second,the consumption of resources is high and the scale efficiency is low.The process of urbanization is accelerating,but the waste of resources is abound.Moreover,the speed of land urbanization is far ahead of population urbanization,and population urbanization is far ahead of industry urbanization."Three rate upside down" phenomenon is serious.This leads to the phenomenon of "ghost town","dead city" and "empty city".There is no sufficient industry to support the construction of a visual city or a landscape city.It is difficult to support the sustainable development of the city after the imbalance of urban scale and the unbalanced production of cities.This not only deviates from the essence of urbanization,but also causes serious waste of resources and a sharp increase in cost.Third,the development of cities is rapid and the development speed of rural areas is low.After the reform and opening up policy,China has increased the process of urbanization.The urban economy has been unprecedented development and the city’s image has been greatly improved.But the rural situation is declining in the face of the city behind the glamorous.The city has a huge "siphon effect" on the countryside and the rural areas become "low-lying land".The income gap between urban and rural residents has reached 4 times.There is a greater deviation in medical,health,education,public infrastructure and so on.The dual structure of "cities like Europe and the countryside like Africa" has been formed.When the labor force is transferred to the city,it forms the embarrassing situation of "the city is not in harmony and the countryside can not go back".Behind this situation is the imbalanced development of urban and rural development.Fourth,the high-speed growth of the core cities and the low growth of the hinterland cities.In recent years,China’s urban scale structure has been seriously unbalanced.For one thing,the number of large cities and the proportion of the population are increasing.Some megacities are expanding blindly,the population is increasing,the resources and environmental loads are aggravating,and the problems of the big cities are highlighted.For another thing,the number of small and medium-sized cities and the proportion of the population are decreasing.There is lack of strong support for small and medium-sized cities in the urban system.Fifth,the development level of eastern region is high and the development level of the central and western regions is low.The development of China’s urbanization appears the state of low East and high West since the reform and opening up.At present,the three big cities in Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region are in the leading position among the many urban agglomeration.All of them are in the eastern part of China,and the development of central and western urban agglomeration is obviously backward compared with that of them.The reason is that the law of the development of urbanization has not been grasped thoroughly and the city and the region have been separated in practice.Land use is non-intensive,urban scale is uneconomical,scale income is low;regional internal structure is imbalance,spatial utilization is low,low-end industries,industrial development is not coordinated.If the urbanization of a country or a region is in a state of imbalance and unbalance for a long time,the result will inevitably lead to a simple increase in the urban economy in this country or region.It can not obtain the substantial breakthrough,or even in a vicious circle.The quality of urban development is backward and even the retreat of civilization.Therefore,on the basis of grasping the law of urbanization development as a whole,we should study the relationship between cities and regions,study the formation,evolution and development of urbanized regions,comprehensively grasp the different forms of urbanization process,understand the law of urbanization and regional development,grasp the scale and internal structure of cities to promote urban economy.Developing and optimizing the top-level design of regional economy is extremely important.Based on the fact that urbanization extends to the urbanized area,this paper analyzes the concept of urbanized area and its formation,evolution and development.Around this process,on the basis of clarifying the state of urbanization development,the paper s various forms of urbanization development.Firstly,the concept of urbanization region is put forward,and the formation reason and operation mechanism of urbanization region are deeply studied,and the general law of urbanization region development is explored.Secondly,combining with the reality of urbanization regional development in China,two key problems of urbanization regional development are studied in depth.The first is the decision of urban scale economy in the urbanization area and its influence on the region.The second is the decision of the internal economic structure in the urbanized area and its influence on the region,which is the theoretical exploration of the development of the urbanized area.Empirical analysis of scale economy and internal structure in urbanized area can grasp the development potential of urbanized area and its influence on regional economic development.Finally,in the aspect of urbanization regional development strategy and policy choice,the paper puts forward the core of urbanization regional development strategy,and points out that China should promote urbanization regional development from land use,industrial clusters,urban-rural integration,institutional mechanisms and other aspects.This study strives for certain innovation based on the combination with theoretical analysis and empirical analysis,dynamic analysis and static analysis and comprehensive analysis method.By studying the concept of urbanized area,analyzing its causes and operating mechanism,this paper comprehensively analyzes and empirically tests the scale determination,internal structure determination of urbanized area and its impact on the social and economic development of a region or a country.This paper seeks to achieve the following innovations:Firstly,explore the concept of urbanization regionalization from the perspective of theory and practice.It is an objective state formed naturally in the process of urbanization,and it is the analysis of the city and the region as a whole.this paper finds that economic cities have dual functions of agglomeration and diffusion after the industrial revolution.Basically,they have experienced the development process from single center to multi-center,specialized city to comprehensive city,single city to urban agglomeration.This development results in the emergence of urban agglomerations with one or two central cities as the core and a number of small and medium-sized cities as the periphery,while the urbanization form is transformed from a single city development into a number of urban agglomerations.This kind of urbanization area is an objective state formed naturally in the process of urbanization development,and it is a social form that links the city and the region into a whole space.It has the homogeneity of shape,quality and skill with urbanization,but it is more extensive than the spatial form of urbanization.By discussing the process of urbanization from inside to outside of the city and then extending to the region,we can draw a conclusion:The urbanization area refers to the human living area with one or more(including two)big cities as the core and surrounded by a number of small and medium-sized cities as the hinterland.Its connotations are as follows:The number of cities and population density continued to increase.Regional cities gradually realize economies of scale.The city center,the periphery and the countryside become a unified space,forming a whole area of urban life style.The main trend of its development is freedom,efficiency,wisdom,synergy,innovation and persistence.At present,China has formed a number of urbanization areas,and its impact on economic development is increasing.However,we are not familiar with the theory of urbanization area,such as its evolutionary law and function.The research of urbanization area from all walks of life is more in the form,and the content of its development has not been fully considered and grasped.Therefore,this paper expects to get a new understanding of the urbanized area through in-depth discussion of the concept of urbanized area,in order to provide theoretical support for the formulation of urban and regional development policies.Secondly,the operation rule of urbanization area is revealed,and the basic operation mechanism of urbanization area is clarified.The urbanization area is a vast space zone and social economic system formed by multiple cities.The internal mechanism supporting the normal operation of the spatial zone and the social economic system is manifested in the rationalization of the industrial structure to ensure the realization of high-yielding urban economies of scale in the region and the coordinated development of the region.That is to say,urban scale economy and regional industrial structure are the key to decide the status of urbanization area.It is an inevitable trend that the number and strength of cities in urbanized areas will continue to grow,the export-oriented economy will continue to expand,and gradually move to a higher stage,and the whole region will turn from equilibrium to unbalanced and then to balanced development.At present,many scholars in our country have studied the urban development,but they all pay attention to one aspect,or pay attention to population size,or industrial upgrading.They have never made a comprehensive analysis of the urban scale economy and regional industrial structure in the urbanized area from the aspect of urbanization development law.On the one hand,just like the study of cities without hinterland or the study of regions without cities,it is easy to cause cognitive bias and can not fully grasp the development of urbanization.This paper discusses the relationship between urban scale economy and regional industrial structure in urbanized areas,trying to reveal the operation mechanism of urbanized areas and the causes of regional state,which is a tentative innovation.Thirdly,empirical analysis of the moderate scale of urbanized regional economy and the upgrading degree of industrial structure within the urbanized region is another innovation expected to achieve in this study.This paper analyzes the moderate economic scale of urbanized areas from the theory of the relationship between urban cost and income,and empirically analyzes the current scale economy of urbanized areas in China,measures the moderate population size,and provides realistic basis for the policy formulation of population absorption,transfer and regional scale development of urbanized areas in China.These are important features and innovations.Most scholars have made various analyses of the relationship between urban scale and economic development.Although the conclusions are not the same,they all confirm that there is a moderate point in urban scale.However,most of them are analyzed theoretically,and even if empirical analysis is carried out,By choosing representative urbanization areas for empirical measurement,this paper finds out the reasonable development scale of urbanization areas,and demonstrates the upgrading degree of industrial structure in urbanization areas,so as to provide practical basis for solving urban problems and improving the quality of urban economic development.Therefore,this study tries to discuss the balanced development of urbanization in the region and policy choice,put forward the concept of urbanization region,which can guide urban and regional independent analysis to the overall transformation and the attention to the urbanization.We can draw more attention to the quality of urban development,the new pattern of urban development and the regional economic relations through the research on the formation,mechanism and evolution of urbanization area.We can provide a theoretical basis for finding the appropriate point of the scale of the urbanization area and the balance of the internal structure through the analysis of the decision of the scale economy and the decision of the internal structure of the urbanization area.Through the analysis of urbanization regional development strategy and policy choice,it can provide reference for formulating urbanization regional development strategy and policy under the new situation,in order to achieve the basic purpose of sustainable and healthy development of urbanized regional economy.