Media Practice Of Collective Memory

In the process of the formation of collective memory,mass media have been developing each passing day faster than ever,and its role in collective memory is no longer just a carrier,as it does not only participate in the formation process of the collective memory itself,but also provides tools and paths for the audience to be part of it.This turns the studies of media communication on collective memory into a new paradigm of international memory research.This thesis studies the media production of collective memory taking Nanjing Massacre as a study case,centering on the documentary images of media ecological system as the research object and applying the theory of Text Analysis.In this study,collective memory is defined as a collection of objective knowledge and subjective emotions.The thesis chooses the theoretical thought of Memory Interspersion as a clue of the formation of media memory and proceeds as follows: Firstly,based on the theory of Division of Labor in Memory.Then,combining the theory of Accepting and Rejecting Framework with and the Media Framework Theory in Communication Sciences,the writer investigates various types of documentary images of Nanjing Massacre from a diachronic perspective.And last but not least,the writer proposes numerous suggestions on how media centered on documentary images can be used to better meet the memory needs of the society as it marketizes and internationalizes itself.On this basis,from the perspective of media technology philosophy,the paper analyzes the restriction of image media characteristics on memory production.Finally,based on the documentary image as the central media ecosystem,this paper discusses the sustainability of memory production.Through the studies of the process above,the thesis has formed the following main conclusions:1)The collective memory of the audience is shaped by "The Division of Labor" of the memory in various documentary images.TV news coverage provides a "News Icon" for the audience,which is responsible for the extensive dissemination and repetition of the memories of Nanjing Massacre.Large documentaries gather multiple information,coupled with the logic of the memory,and construct a detailed and complete holocaust "Memory Theater" for the audience.Archive documentary program reveal to supplement edge memories.Talk shows,on the other hand,provide a platform for communication and negotiation for memory conflicts.The broadcast of the national memorial day of the Nanjing Massacre provided the audience an access to participate in the ceremony,so as to realize emotional sharing and collective identity.The audience's contact type and frequency of documentary images are different,and the collective memory intensity and precision are different.2)The formation of the collective memory of the audience is a consistent process of the unification of both the media and the audience framework.The media narrative must maintain the "core narrative" of memory and the "emotional attitude" of the center.And the formation process always follows the "basic narrations" and "emotional attitude" in the existing memory texts.On this basis,according to the needs of social reality,the memory can be supplemented or deleted,adjusted or modified to avoid violent conflict with the existing memory framework of the audience.For the formation of the collective memory of Nanjing Massacre,the Japanese army's atrocity is the narrative core,while the "epic framework" is the universal emotional expression of memory in our society.In different historical stages,video media embed the "basic narrations" of Japanese atrocities into different narrative themes,combine the "epic framework" with other different emotional attitude frameworks,and achieve the continuation of collective memory in the changing times through "fusion" and "intertext".3)The media formation of collective memory is subject to its characteristics.The process shall be in line with its visible technical characteristics,viewable production requirements,profitable production policy and other related social and ethical responsibilities.Subject to the media syntax of documentary images,the formation of the collective memory of Nanjing Massacre certainly involves much difficulty.4)The media formation of collective memory is an interactive process of memory ecology among the internal parts of the media system,and between the media system and the external society.Plus,the multilayer of memory is adaptive to that of the media system.In the future,the formation of the memory of Nanjing Massacre shall be in accordance with both the hierarchical and ecological view of memory formation,in a bid to build a multi-layered and sustainable memory ecology.