The Study Of Zhang Jian's Confucian Business Thought

The number one scholar in the end of Qing and businessman,Zhang Jian had a deep and professional thought in the aspects of economy,politics,education,military and diplomacy with outstanding achievement.The study of Zhang Jian was involved in so many subjects,but the thinking core and sprite character was the only one,Confucian thought.In the historic moment that Chinese nation faced with national subjugation and genocide,Zhang Jian,as a traditional scholar-bureaucrat,suggested that business and education should be the roots to strong state and rich people.Zhang Jian witnessed clearly that the national crisis was different from the change of dynasty or the rebellion of Taiping anny and Nian army,but the comprehensive shock and complete destroy of industrial society to traditional society,The Chinese nation was really at the dangerous moment of national subjugation and genocide,which could not be solved by the solution that advocates of the westernization movement making military industry to from military army.The society in China must be changed.Education and science knowledge must be popularized,and the business must be established and developed comprehensively to have a competition among nations in the stage of world.Zhang Jian was open,inclusive and innovative Confucian scholar,so he was opposite to avoid having contacts with other countries with an idea to learn new knowledge of western country,which was screening and choosing part of it carefully.At the same time,he also thought that Chinese learning should be basis.He advocated the Chinese old moral and fought against complete westernization or language westernization.Facing with the shock of western industry and western culture,Zhang Jian caught the core issue of the revitalization of China---industrialization.He took himself for example to work on business and education to open countless new roads for the modernization of china.Zhang Jian's exploration suggested that Confucian did not block industrialization and it could learn and develop industrialization,even promote it better.Zhang Jian received traditional Confucian education and he also had a deep study of the development of Confucian thought.He was the best in imperial examination system---number one scholar.Zhang Jian agreed with Tongcheng school's Reading Confucian classics and history should be method of poetic prose.Affected by the master of Tongcheng school.He should be owned to Tongcheng school from the aspect of literature style and learning vein.Zhang Jian had been admitted by the general of Huai army for many years and he followed the leader,Wu Changqing,to participate in suppressing a rebellion of North Korea.Zhang Jian's men's courage and courage were increased along with the growth of army experience.Zhang Jian agreed with the knowledge,integrity and character of Gu Yanwu and Huang Zongxi who were in the borderline of Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty and he was deeply affected by their thought of administration and pragmatism.He also studied the Wang Fuzhi.As to the famous minister in the late Qing dynasty,Zeng Guofan and his Xiang army,Zhang Jian admired them so much.He believed he should be a representative and peak of the modern Confucian thought,thought of administration and pragmatism,and it was hard to be done by the later generations.Because of it,Zhang Jian thought highly of learning and he also paid more attention of learning for practice.Learning is to serve for the people and to modify society,instead of siting and prattling about the general principle.Zhang Jian thought business should be done by scholar bureaucrat firstly.Confucian should focus on the practical knowledge and the knowledge should be applied to practical business.Bureaucrat must take the responsibility to revive business,instead of deeming bureaucrat as the final destination or doing learning that was useless to society and livelihood of the people.Zhang Jian gave up the learning to work on business.He devoted to business and education.It was sourced from the bearing sprite of the Confucian scholars and it was rooted from the grand Confucian business thought.It meant saving country with business,reviving nation with education and local autonomy.Zhang Jian inherited Confucian thought.There was natural separation and isolation of Shu and Tao,but there were some necessary penetration and mutual effect.Zhang Jian would quote some Confucian classics to have explanation on the specific business operation.The essence of Confucian thought always affected the specific operation at any time.As to Zhou Yi,Zhang Jian did work harder.He had a deep feeling to the academic history of Yi Jing when he finished the study of Zhou Yi.He agreed with some explanation of Zhu Zi's Zhou Yi Ben Yi.The Da Sheng Group established by Zhang Jian was from Yi Jing,which reflected the benevolence and thought of the people of Zhou Yi.The core idea of Zhang Jian's saving country with business is that education should be father and business should be mother.He compared it with parenthood to have a full performance of the harmonious concept of Yi Jing.In the specific business operation,Zhang Jian would think highly of the change of the relationship between supply and demand and the timely adjustment of business strategy,which was essential connection with thought of harmony and change of Tong Jing of Yi Jing.The cotton and iron industry that Zhang Jian advocated was connected with the thought of coupling hardness with softness in Yi Jing.Zhang Jian did think highly of ritual thought of Confucian.During the turbulent days,the advocacy was increased without any decrease.Zhang Jian advocated more about study of rite because the society was so messy,and people were in a lack of value without any subjectivity.In the specific business running,Zhang Jian would think highly of the rite in commercial market,which meant that commercial competition should be in order without any malicious competition since it would be harmful to everyone finally.In the management of enterprises,Zhang Jian advocated that strictness should be standard.He believed in strict management.Zhang Jian upheld golden mean and he thought that the mean of sage should be golden mean,and everybody could be Yan and Shun.Common people would be sage when they obeyed humanitarianism and took responsibility.Different from idiom that the gentleman loves the money and gets the way,Zhang Jian suggested that great profit could be ignored and there is way to make fortunate.In fact,he wanted to have positive development and innovation of the Confucianist thought of righteousness and benefit under the background of industrialization.From Get to Make,from Small Profit to Great Profit,Zhang Jian thought highly of a fact that Confucian should have creation to the overall wealth of the society.Zhang Jian thought that the principle of judging profit with moral should be used when there is confusion in profit judgement or distribution.It means to judge profit with moral to solve what kind of profit could be taken or how many profits could be gotten.Zhang Jian also laid stress on the difference of private profit and public profit.He thought people should pursue public profit to be beneficial for society and the livelihood of the people.In the aspect of profit distribution,Zhang Jian was affected by western modern enterprise and he assured reasonable benefit remuneration.At the same time,he also insisted that profit should be gained with labor.He hated and disgusted the business mode and behavior to gain profit without any labor.Zhang Jian emphasized the human integrity and enterprise credit,so he mentioned a principle of faithful and sincere.It was performed in his credit and view of employment.Zhang Jian felt that the success of business should be diligence and simple.He laid emphasis on virtues of frugality.Commerce in China was in a confusing and blank period.Zhang Jian thought the Chinese businessmen should be united to form certain resultant force.Zhang Jian's Confucian business thought still has profound connotation and charming.The root should be reasonable solution to the relationship of local officer and businessmen.Zhang Jian innovatively suggested the enterprise organization form of gentry collar doing business.At the period that such enterprise forming form as officer doing business and officer and businessman doing business was overstaffed and inefficient under the historic environment with old ideas and government's strict imprison,he opened a business mode of civilized enterprises.Zhang Jian had deliberate consideration in the major problems,such as enterprises business,choice of industry and profit distribution;hence,the business thought,and ideology of Zhang Jian are still powerful module.Zhang Jian must be extraordinary businessman according to the definition and sprite of entrepreneurial spirit in the western since the Zhang Jian met and surpassed the main and critical index of entrepreneurial spirit.The Confucian business sprite of Zhang Jian,such as patriotism,benevolence,dedication,thrift,self-improvement and pragmatism,were in the right way with industrial civilization.It could be better supplement and combination.These sprites are in more outstanding in the current values.We would find the shortages of the spirit and practice of capitalism are hedonism,consumerism,and welfare when we rationally reflect on the sprite from industrial revolution.Confucian business thought and practice of Zhang Jian shows that the Confucian valuable ethical and ethical resources could be polished and combined with industrialization well.Zhang Jian was model of Chinese Confucian businessman and he was a peak of Confucian sage in the business circle and he could not be surpassed by Chinese businessmen.As a pioneer of Chinese modernization,people should think about his valuable industrial practice and take consideration on his ideological construction and vision carefully at the same time.