Research On The Equalization Of Basic Medical And Health Services In Urban And Rural Areas In China

The core and essence of the scientific concept of development is people-oriented,Persisting in the people-oriented,that is,efforts to achieve comprehensive developments of human being.The health is precisely the foundation for all-round developments.It is the embodiment of signs for human rights,the right to life,the right to fairness.Right to social security is a fundamental right of every citizen.As part of the right to social security,providing citizens with basic health services is a manifestation of government functions.The party’s 17th National Congress of "universal access to basic health services,"established as one of the important goal of building a moderately prosperous society.In<<Opinions on Deepening Reform of the Medical and Health System by CPC Central Committee and the State Council>>,The essential principles in the opinions were proposed that:"the basic health care system as a public offer to all the people,should establish and improve the coverage of all urban and rural residents,and as the goal of the medical and health system overall to provide masses with safe,effective,convenient and affordable medical and health services".In the central deployment with promoting urban and rural economic and social developments,as the process of integration with the health care reform in depth,the equalization of basic public health services is used from the theory to practice,from local to comprehensively overall advance.Basic health care services are essential public service category.Providing roughly equal basic health services for the urban and rural residents is an important function of modern civilized governments.Basic health service equalization refers to all members of society,regardless of their social status or income level,can be obtained the services according to their own needs.It is a major component of the equalization of basic public services.It is a public institution arrangements proposed on principles of fairness and justice of the system.Since the reform and opening up,China has made great economic and social development and progress,but the binary of economic,political and social structure in the urban and rural have not been fundamentally change.Due to multiple reasons of government investment,urban and rural health care system,regional economic development,resident incomes,etc.,China’s health care in many areas resulted in significant differences.The inequality between urban and rural existed in many aspects such as:health financing,possession of medical resources,health spending,health security,etc.The inequality of health care services between Urban and rural is not only affects the health of citizens,will also bring a series of social problems.Thus,in the process of an integrate and a new round of medical reform,how to share the equalization of basic health services in urban and rural is a problem worthy of thinking and research.Based on previous studies at domestic and abroad,this paper is trying to do a comprehensive,and systematic research for the main issues in the urban and rural,such as basic health care services,connotation of equalization,development logic,measurement and evaluation,financial transfer payment,market supply.This paper is also trying to build a evaluation index system of equalization of basic health care services,and to put forward science policy recommendations on China’s equalization of basic health care services and practices of medical system reform in urban and rural.Other than the paper consists of five parts,the full text is divided into seven chapters.The first chapter is introduction.Then it comes the first part of Section including chapter 2nd and 3rd.The first part described the foundation and premise of the analysis in this paper.Chapter 2nd reviewed articles related to health care equalization;presented the research status on health services at domestic and abroad,including relevant Theoretical analysis;provided theoretical evidences of equalization on analysis of basic health care service in urban and rural with the public goods theory,welfare economics theory,Rawls’theory of justice and fairness.Chapter 3rd is the analysis of Equalization Mechanism for basic health services in urban and rural areas.It defined the connotation of equalization,and analyzed the standard,the scope and implementation mechanisms of equalization based on the status at domestic and abroad.Meanwhile,from input-output perspective,the paper constructed evaluation index system of equalization and lay the theoretical foundation for equalization research in basic health care services in urban and ruralThe second part,namely the 4th Chapter,is the empirical analysis to the current situations of basic health care services.Based on the evaluation index system of equalization,and the retrospect of China’s development process of the health care services in urban and rural,used the relevant Survey Data from the National Health Services,and the data from health statistics yearbooks,adopted the Theil index,this paper quantitatively analyzed and valuated to the degree of realization and changes of the equalization levels in basic health care service of urban and rural,and obtainedunequal conclusions.The third part,that is the 5th Chapter,based on writer’s rural field survey in certain parts of China(D city),understood the medical demands of rural residents,the reality of health care resources allocation and the effect of the new rural cooperative medical system on the equalization of health services.In the system of the supply side,focused on extent of the realization of the new rural insurance and coverage,financing and payment system and other targets,analyzed the availability of resource allocation and service delivery of rural primary medical and health care.In terms of the needs of the system,obtained survey results of farmer satisfaction to the new rural cooperative medical system and designated medical institutions.The above data of rural field survey provided targeted realistic basis for achieving the urban and rural equalization,and especially for protecting primary health service needs and interests of rural residents.Part IV,namely Chapter 6th,on the basis of our country’s current situations and empirical investigations,analyzed the causes of the inequality of basic health services in urban and rural.The exploration of these causes of the inequality is focus on the system of national development strategies,health and financial system,medical security system and other institutional sources.The fifth part,the Chapter 7th,is the section for the policy recommendations.Learned from foreign experiences in relevant practices,the Chapter 7th conceived the path of equalization of basic health services in urban and rural areas.Based on China’s current condition constraints,it proposed the main ideas of realizing the equalization of basic health services in urban and rural areas,and discusses the achieving path and relevant supporting mechanism from the perspective of the financial system and medical security system.The main innovation of this paper is reflected in two aspects:first,the realization of the equalization of basic health care services,which is from view of the integration of urban and rural areas,has a certain global and forward-looking.The second is,based on the development and reform process of China’s health care undertakings,the new studies of the equalization in combining vertical and horizontal data.On the basis of existing research it also achieved a certain innovation from a dynamic perspective,equality of measurement and evaluation.