The Pattern Of Non-Governmental Organizations' Intervention Into Urban Community Planning

Presently most of the urban community has entered a stage of development of space and time stability.At this time,there are 3 main tasks of city community construction and planning.?To update material facilities in order to prevent the environment decline,?to change people's lifestyle to adapt to the needs and progress of society,? construct the community network,cultivate social capital to prevent social atomization.However,the original government-led model of community planning have some difficulties and limitation,such as putting too much focus on the physical environment,working overload,possessing too much resource,lacking of public participation and innovation mechanism,in that way the government can't help the community to tackle the current challenge effectively.This paper argues that it's necessary to jump out of the inherent view government planning,try to discuss the sustainable development path of the community in the perspective under the intervention of NGO,refer to the theory of sociology and public economics,based on the supplyment of community public goods,propose the research perspective of NGO-intervention community planning.Then the paper constructs the pattern definition system of the NGO-intervention community planning with the dimensions of the "event object" and the "process depth".Accoding to the related to the cases of NGO-intervention community planning,the paper classifies the cases into 3 types,"planning lead intervention","governance participation".and "assist&supportive intervention".The paper is then based on the practice of the Ngo-led ecological community planning in Hangzhou City,inspecting 5 community planning cases led by Green Zhejiang from 2011 to 2016,analyze their characteristic,evolution process and the stage of differentiation.Then we carried out a satisfaction evaluation for the ecological community planning in Liucuijing Road Community and Meili City Community.The study built an appraisal model of satisfaction,quantitative analyze the residents' questionnaire data,interviewed the VIP of the communities and NGO,and evaluate the practical significance and social value of NGO-led community planning.After research,this paper holds that,?NGO undertaking community planning relieved the stress of government,and gave a way to function transfer and decentralization:?based on practice,NGO-led community planning is able to response the challenges in material environment,lifestyle and social capital,which meet the basic need and of community and advanced upgrade in a certain degree;?yet the NGO community planning is not a panacea,there are also some difficulties with it,like underfunded problem,mechanism defects,lacking of ability and support.Finally,the paper proposes the technical paths of the connection between community planning and the legal planning system,and guiding NGO into the public participation of legal planning system.Then the paper gives 5 advanced countermeasures on improving NGO community planning:?to build a diversified dynamic system of community development;?to enhance the NGO's own professional competence;?to transfer "Long-term" mechanism into "Frequent contact" mechanism;? to strengthen the cooperation between NGOs with professional planning agencies;5to broadening the funding access of NGOs and communities.