Research On Landscape Activity Evaluation Of Public Space In Winter City

The city public space has a great relationship with city dwellers including the quality of life and physical quality, which provide them the necessary place for outdoor activities. The winter city has long and cold winters. Low temperature, ice and snow, cold wind have an extremely negative effect on people attending the outdoor activities. So it is an essential way to establish a strong attractive public space, which increase people outdoor activities. This paper relies on the National Natural Science Foundation Project, namely "Base on factor measurement and model construction of winter city public space landscape activity (51108114) ". In order to establish high activity landscape environment, analyze the selection and measurement of landscape activity elements in this subject. Then extends this part, and completes the evaluation research of landscape activity in winter city public space. According field investigation and questionnaire surveying to public space, analyze the influence factors of evaluation of landscape activity. Through calculating the survey data, establish the landscape activity evaluation system of winter city public space. Because of the difference characteristics of winter climate, different space types and different population, landscape activity evaluation models are established separately. The aim is to provide guidance for improving the quality of city public space, improving public health, and designing high activity landscape environment for winter city public space.Firstly, according to the relevant research results of urban public space landscape design and landscape evaluation, get the natural, space and event impact factors of landscape activity evaluation of winter city, combining with the unique climate characteristics and field survey of winter city. Basing on the cold weather, the human body and visual perception, natural factors are got, which include microclimate and vegetation factors. Basing on the Alexander spatial pattern language and environmental behavior theory, and basing on the actual effect of the physical environment on human, space impact factors are got, according to analyze the influence degree of objective impact factors to human activity and spatial landscape activity. These factors include site planning bounded domain and interior space configuration. Basing on Alexander’s event mode language and environmental behavior theory, using the attitude three model, and analyzing the formation process of the user’s attitude towards the winter city public space, event impact factors were got. These factors include personal cognitive and social cultural characteristics. Basing the qualitative description of the natural and event and space impact factors of landscape activity evaluation is the foundation of further quantitative study.Secondly, analyze the survey samples of the early stage of landscape activity evaluation using questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics. Qualitative research can provide theoretical basis for the evaluation, quantitative research can provide application basis for the evaluation. The survey process are divided into three steps:preparation, investigation and analysis. Investigation sites and environmental factors are selected, and survey methods are predicted during investigation preparation period. Questionnaire design and testing and field survey are finished during research and implementation process. The result of preparation and investigation establish data foundation for the evaluation system. Sample analysis is sorting and analyzing for data, which is obtained related to individual characteristics and activity characteristics from the questionnaire survey. And analyze general sample, seasonal differences, space differences and age differences. The result of analysis establishes classification foundation for the evaluation models.Third, analyze environment characteristics data from the questionnaire survey, using mathematical statistics and principal component analysis method. Get 5 evaluation indicators of the winter city public space landscape activity, including natural activity, location activity, space activity, facilities activity and culture activity. Extract 11 activity elements from 26 impact factors. Establish the evaluation indicator system of landscape activity of winter city public space, which includes 3 levels with impact factors-activity elements-evaluation indicators. Integrating all impact factors weight as administrative levels above, weight set can be got. Then landscape activity evaluation system in winter city public space can be got, combining with indicator system. The evaluation result have 5 grades, including very good, good, middling, qualified and unqualified, and then formulate the judge standard with 5 grade.At last, basing on the landscape activity evaluation system of winter city public space, classifiable evaluation models are constructed, based on the different evaluation methods with "seasonal differences-spatial types differences-user age differences". Due to climatic differences between winter and summer are significant, the survey data are divided into winter and summer with seasonal changes. According analyzing season difference data, winter’s and summer’s landscape activity evaluation models of winter city public space are obtained. Due to the attribute differences of public space location and functional are significant, the survey data are divided into neighborhood parks, city parks and city squares with spatial types. According analyzing space difference data, neighborhood parks, city parks and city squares landscape activity evaluation models are obtained. Due to differences of people attribute characteristics and activity types are significant, according to the survey data were divided into elderly and non elderly with age types. According analyzing age difference data, elderly and non elderly evaluation models of landscape activity in winter city public space are obtained. Each category evaluation models is compared and analyzed in model analysis process, and put forward corresponding design guidelines. The feasibility of evaluation system and models are verified which guide the evaluation, design and transformation for landscape activity of winter city.Through the process of qualitative analysis to quantitative calculation, and combination determined consideration to typical characteristics analysis, evaluation method and processes of landscape activity in winter city public space are presented, the evaluation system is built, and grade criteria of evaluation results are formulated. The obtained results can provide a reference for the design of a high degree of activity landscape for winter city public space.