A Study On The Transfer Of Rural Labor In Henan Province

Not only is it the necessity to increase farmers'incomes, promote development of agriculture, rural areas and the new socialist countryside reconstruction to solve the issues of agriculture, countryside and farmers, but also the necessity to maintain the national economy developing stably, fast, coordinately and healthily, to realize the great goal of the overall construction of well-off society, to construct socialist harmonious society and to maintain social stability and security. It is not only the vital economic problem, but also the significant political problem. To promote the transfer of the rural surplus labor is not only the important means to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and the farmers, but also inevitable requirement that an agricultural country realize industrialization and modernization. Surveying the modernization process of the developed countries, each of them had completed the process of transferring the rural labor.Our country is a country with large population, meanwhile, a big agricultural country. The agricultural population proportion is big, and rural and urban economy gap is still large. Urbanization in recent years is developing very quickly, but the level is low. First industry occupies more proportion than the developed countries. It is a must to transfer the rural surplus labor to find the nonagricultural employment in order to realize the reasonable, ordered transfer. Thus, China can realize urbanization and industrialization, and finally modernization.The Central Party Committee and State Council proposed The Strategy of Rise of Central Region of China after the proposal of The Strategy of West Development and East Development in 2003 which greatly encouraged the people of the Six Provinces of Central Region of China. Henan province has the largest population in the six provinces of central region and also of the whole country. In Henan, rural population has a major proportion but a lower per capita income, the first industry taking up a high proportion, farmland areas per person small, level of urbanization low, the gap between rural and urban economy obvious, the number of rural surplus labor big and so on.Henan province is typical of China which can greatly represent China's economic characteristic. Therefore, systematical and theoretical research on the context, characteristic, drive, positive-negative effect, limitations and policies of rural labor transfer in Henan province has realistic significance and reference meanings for other provinces similar to Henan province.The paper is composed of nine parts all together. The first chapter that definites the concept relevant to the labor force gives the brief introduction of the context, purpose, significance, main content and the research method, and also forecasts the research results, innovations and limitations we may meet in the process of researching.The second chapter sums up the theories and research advances on rural labor transfer at home and abroad, which provides rationale for further study. The next chapter introduces the experience and enlightenment about rural labor transfer in some developed countries, such as British, America, German and Japan, and some developing countries, such as Korea, India and Brazil. This chapter also comments on their experiences and briefly introduces the transfer of rural labor in some other provinces.The forth chapter analyzes the current condition and the conspicuous contradiction of social and economic development of Henan province, and introduces basic condition about rural labor and their transfer. Here land-lost peasants'problems are paid special attention and view point of passive transfer is put forward. This chapter also predicts the approximate number of surplus rural labor in Henan province which provides the foundation for further research on rural labor transfer.The fifth chapter analyzes the factors that influence the rural labor transfer qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis pays attention to policy, market and individual ability, and quantitative stresses the statistics based on the factors that influence the transfer. Both want to find the positive and negative factors so as to provide the theoretical basis and reference for putting forward the strategy of rural labor transfer.The sixth chapter discusses the strategy of rural labor transfer and new socialist countryside. This chapter points out how to build new socialist countryside after transfer of rural labor, especially high-quality labor'transfer, is a big problem, and tries to propose some measures.The seventh chapter deals with case study of rural labor transfer in Henan Province and sums up several models of transfer: Xinyang model, brand model, and industrial model in rural areas of Henan Province.The eighth chapter puts forward the measures of rural labor transfer based on the theories, experiences and enlightenments of other countries and provinces and the situation of rural labor in Henan province, pointing out urbanization, industrialization and tertiary industry are all useful approaches for rural labor transfer and vocational education, specialized training, agricultural industrialization and overseas labor output can be also effective.According to our government's factors which will affect the transfer of our rural labor force, the paper advances many reasonable proposals. Here the paper also discusses that government will make the transfer properly and orderly, by exerting the macroscopic readjustment and control and strengthening the government's service function; eliminating the proposals'obstacle and doing some innovation on promoting the reform of the domicile and the transfer of our land; strengthening our rural's compulsory education, preventing the loss of the students and improving the whole diathesis of the rural labor force; perfecting our social security system and protecting the benefit of the transfer of our rural labor; building the union of the rural and urban labor force and realizing the equity of work; calling for the best born and promoting the quality of the people. The last chapter makes a brief conclusion.The research has shown: 1. Despite of the large-scale transfer of Henan Province's rural surplus labors, there is substantial space to promote it because the large rural population base and natural population growth lead to the sweeping present and new rural labors. 2. It is difficult for the rural labors to change their identity and migrate to new residential place. In most cases, the transfer of rural labor is just the seasonal flow of population, not the genuine transfer of labors. The change of identity and migration of residential place for them are of little chance because of the policy and economy factors. 3. More attention should be paid to the employment problems of the land-lost farmers, especially land-lost farmers of the outer suburbs. 4. The organization intensity is fairly low in the transfer of rural suburbs in Henan Province. The transfers are mainly spontaneous influenced by ties of blood and geographic features. 5. The level and scale of urbanization in Henan Province is fairly low, and there are great potentials for the advancement of urbanization. 6. Most rural laborers have low level of education. The number of rural laborers who have received vocational education is not high. 7. Efforts should be made to achieve fair employment for rural laborers because we haven't set up a unified market. 8. The policy of cancelling farming tax made by the government has little influence on the rural labor transfer.9. There still exist institutional obstacles, for instance, the policy of farm land flow. The household registry institution has been gradually reducing its influence on rural labor flow but makes great difference on indentify transfer of rural labor.Innovations of the dissertation: 1. The dissertation analyzes the transfer of rural labors in Henan Province systematically, using the methods of neoclassical theories, related theories of Development Economics, demography, Sociology and Statistics. Not only can it provide policy advice to the correlative administrative departments but provide west and central China provinces with experiences for reference. 2. It sets forth how to cope with the relationship between the transfer of rural labors and construction of New Countryside if the moving rural labor force is of high-competence. 3. Researching on the special land-lost peasants leads to the theory of passive transfer and positive transfer of rural labor.4. It also brings forth the reasonable model of rural labor transfer in Henan Province.