| Since the 17th National People's Congress, China has attached great importance to the "three rural" issue. In the face of new domestic and international situation, the 12th national economic and social development of Five-Year Plan, namely, the 12th Five-Fear Plan has further promoted the agricultural modernization and the acceleration of the construction of new socialist countryside which actually constitute one of the most important tasks of the following economic construction period. In the world, China not only has the largest population, but also is regarded as a major agricultural country; therefore, with the higher development of industrialization and urbanization, the further development of agricultural modernization is definitely a major task in the next five years. The 12th Five-Fear Plan has clearly raised the importance of the proper solution of the agricultural, rural and farmer problems. The balance of urban and rural development, the principle of industry nurturing agriculture, cities supporting countryside and more giving less taking, the strengthening of beneficial agricultural policy, the consolidation of the fundamental importance of agriculture and the elevation of farmers'living standard, all these factors reflect the intense attention China has assigned to the "three rural" issue. Indeed, no comprehensive well-off farmers, a comprehensive well-off country China will never be; no modernization of agriculture and countryside, the modernization of China will never occur.The "three rural" issue concerns not only the agricultural modernization and urbanization, but also the improvement of the farmers'income. Furthermore, the issue has a lot to do with the coordination of urban and rural economic development, the social stability and the construction of new socialist countryside in China. Besides, China's agricultural population occupies too large a proportion and the difference between the urban and the rural in terms of the economic performance and the institutional development remains to be a=huge challenge. Therefore, to the end of urbanization, industrialization and ultimate modernization, China must transfer a large number of rural surplus labor to the non-agricultural field to realize the reasonable and orderly transfer of rural labor.Since the 17th National Congress of the CPC, China has proposed the strategy which included the development and construction of the western region, the revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast region overall, the suppurations of the development of eastern region actively, and the implementation of the polices of the central region vigorously. And all of these has encouraged the central provinces.As the most populated province, in the July 7, 2010 Henan has already exceeded the total population of 100 million, accounting for about 7% of the total population. At the same time, in Henan Province, agriculture accounts for a large proportion of the overall economy and the rural population takes up about 73% of the total population in the province. High proportion of agricultural population, low per capita arable land, low per capita income of farmers, a large discrepancy between urban and rural economy, the low level of urbanization, and the large number of rural surplus labor and its innate transfer difficulties are all impediments China face. Among these, the rural surplus labor transfer problem can find its representative in Henan Province. Thus, a detailed analysis and in-depth discussion of the characteristics, problems, constraints and policy recommendations in the transfer of rural surplus labor problem has hereby possessed extremely important practical significanceIn this paper, based on the process of economic development in Henan Province, the basic principles and methods of theoretical economics, the related research results of home and abroad together with the guidance of Marxist economic theory all contribute to a deep analysis of the characteristics, current situation and existing problems of the rural labor transfer in Henan Province since the "opening-up reform". Furthermore, the exploration of the constraints in this aspect is made and on this basis, the basic ideas and measures to promote the rational and orderly transfer of rural labor in Henan Province in the new era are proposed.The main contents of this paper are as follows:The first chapter is an introduction, mainly, the background and significance of this topic and, the major research methods and contents are briefly discussed. Besides, the contribution and innovation of this paper are predicted and the problems in research pointed out. Meanwhile, theories of rural labor transfer at home and abroad are reviewed in order to grasp the research progress. Chapter II defines the basic concepts related to the labor force, explores the basic theories associated with the rural labor transfer and then presents some theoretical thinking on this theme in Henan Province. Chapter III, based on the review the historical process of the rural labor transfer in Henan, a further analysis of the current characteristics and problems of the transfer process in the new era is made accordingly. Chapter IV explores the constraints faced by Henan Province in the rural labor transfer, recognizing that labor quality, household registration, land, and social security system are still barriers to the transfer of surplus rural labor in Henan Province. After taking full account into these constraints, Chapter V proposed that the establishment of the fair competition labor market, the breaking of the urban-rural dual economic structure and another series of measures will accelerate the transfer of the remaining labor.The main contribution of this paper is as follows:After this study and analysis, in theory, the success of the rural labor transfer involves the elimination of the urban-rural split institutional barriers, the establishment an institution which will boost the healthy development of urbanization. First, a large population base in Henan'Province and a high rate of natural birth increase make the speed of rural labor transfer cannot keep pace with the population growth; in the meanwhile, low quality of the rural labor have made the successful transfer harder. Second, in Henan Province, the construction of the urban and rural labor market integration is not well established and the rural and urban employment equity issue remains to be a big question. And then, household registration, land transfer and institutional factors such as social security are still serious obstacles to the rural labor transfer in Henan Province. Finally, this essay proposed that the basic approach of the transfer of rural surplus labor in Henan Province was:to accelerate urbanization, to establish a unified labor market, and to strengthen the reform and innovation of the supporting system on the base of improving the overall quality of the rural labor force, and to create a good environment for the transferring of rural surplus labor force of Henan Province. |
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