Research On Origin As Well As Governance Countermeasure Of Opportunism In Pork Supply Chain

Food is the first necessity of the people. To guarantee sufficient and safe supply of food has become the top responsibility of government in each country. Recent years, China's agricultural productivity has been increased a lot, which could ensure the quantity of major agro‐products supply. However, the quality level of agro‐products has not increased correspondingly and food safety events happened a lot, which not only do harm to health of consumers and blew consumers' confidence, but also exerted direct impact on the health as well as sustainable development of agricultural production. With regards to this, relevant department has taken measurements such as setting up specialized management institute, strengthen food testing, crack down on illegal behavior of producing as well as selling additives and so on, to reinforce the quality and safety management of agro‐products. Although these measurements has made some achievements, food safety problem is still serious; in certain extent it has shown that current measurement had not radically solved the problem yet, and it is needed to consider from a boarder and deeper point of view—agro‐products production and circulation—to solve food safety problem.Live pig raising is a significant agricultural production activity and pork is an important consuming food of residents. Pig and pork are directly related to rural economic development, increase of farmers' income and the health of residents. Yet, in the past few years, some local producers add clenobuterol hydrochloride and other harmful drugs when raising pig and caused frequent happen of pork quality and safety incident. Consumers do not trust meat, especially pork anymore. How to ensure that consumers could purchase safety pork has turned out to be the most urgent issue of government at all levels. For this reason, this paper takes pork supply chain as study object, based on Industrial organization theory, governance structure theory and management control theory, through analysis on pork supply chain model, contradiction between pork demand change and live pig raising, as well as influence factors of producers' income, explore the opportunism inner origins which influence on the quality of pork, and then probe into theoretical as well as practical program to solve pork quality&safety problem, to ensure the good operation of pork supply chain in effective governance framework.Based on the above train of thought, this paper take clenobuterol hydrochloride poison incident as breaking point, applies comprehensively analysis methods such as institutional economics theoretical analysis, empirical case analysis, structural equation quantitative analysis and so on, focus on the following content:(1) analyze the current situation of China's live pig industry, strengthen on studying live pig production scale problem;(2) resolve the raising, purchase, slaughter, wholesale and retail sections, through the case of Zizhong in Sichuan Province, and research on weak part of pork supply chain as well as food safety;(3) begin with industrial organization theory, explore the deep reason of "Opportunism" behavior in pork supply chain, analyze relationship between breeding introduction and disease, and analyze relationship between pork price fluctuation and opportunism;(4) focusing on the reason which causes opportunism, proposes macro, micro as well as political governance thought model;(5) empirically analyze the positive impact of large‐scaled supermarkets to improve food safety of pork in China as well as to enhance consumers' confidence, through structural equation model;(6) put forward political suggestions to keep away opportunism in live pig supply chain, according to research results.Major conclusions of this paper are:(1) about the probe to institutional economics theory, it is required to explore deeper reason which has caused opportunism through phenomenon and cases, and then propose effective governance program;(2) through analysis on the relationship between live pig breeding and disease, point out that live pig breeding and variety introduction is one of the origins of opportunism;(3) pork price fluctuates frequently with shorter cycle period, pig raising has become a risk industry, and the evasion of the price risk has become another origin which brings opportunism;(4) to improve safety of pork and reduce environmental pollution, it is needed to introduce more advanced governance model—'govern by three parties','govern by two parties' as well as 'unified governance'—between upper level and lower level of live pig as well as pork supply chain;(5) put forward traceability system model of micro governance of live pig supply chain in our country;(6) large‐scaled supermarket has played significant role in improving food safety level of pork in our country, the Farmer‐Supermarket Direct‐Purchase model of 'supermarket+slaughter house+farmers' professional cooperative+farm household' is worthy to be promoted.