On Information Variation In Emergency Events And Countermeasures

In the risk society, frequent emergency events have greater and greater influence on human society. Academic circles have been studying them from various views and try to find the approches and ways to reduce the damages of the emergency events. As the view of the mass communication and jounalism, the root of the bad influence from emergency events lies in the unstablity of information. So the paper take information variation and countermeasures as the study target.Information variation means that in the course of transferring information, the meannings of the information vary as the change of the communicators, and the influence on the social interactions comes into being. Superficially, it is the changes of some elements of information about the emergency events. But in essence, the social relationships change. In the course ot the information transfer, the social relationships and social recognition have great influences on the directions and intensity of information variation. Due to it, the paper starts from the view of social relationships and probes into the influences on the social relationships and structure, which is from information variation, and eventually tries to find some countermeasures.The paper consists of two section:the frirst section includes the basic theory on information variation. The first section concludes the definition,the reasons, the influence and the appearance of information variation; sencond section is on the countermeasures which includes controlling tactics and media tactics.Macroscopic countermeasures start from the macroscopic socail level. It is aimed to the main principles and applied to all communicators.In morden soceity, mass medias are the most important communication medium. Through the investigations and studies on the media's acts, try to countermeasure information variation.It is of great significance both for the society and the media's practice.Information about emergency events take on different forms through different channel. In general, it takes on the reduction or increase on the quanity and the change of meaning. But it does not what happens, the information variation have influence on the social relationships somehow. And it causes the consequence, such as destroy the stability of society, reduce the social credit, weaken the power of government and bring the misunderstandings. There are some reasons which are related:the basic reason is the importance of the infromation. In another word, the more important it is, the more frequently it will be communicated,the more possibilities of being processed by people consciously or unconsciously there is and enventually the more possibilities of information variation there would be; the lack of the encoding abilities of the comunicators is another reason; the standpoints of value also affect the information process; the unbalanced social credits is the atmosphere in which the information variation is likely to happen; frame consciousness leads to information variation; the different decoding abilities and the appeals also the reasons that are due to information variation. All those reasons mix with each other and come into effect simultaneously. To find more reasons of information variation, there are still more studies to do as times changes.As for the countermeasures to the information variation in emergency events, the paper thinks the most important goal is to build up the social credit, since information variation is unavoidable. By Process theory and System theory and from the communication orientation, time and space of communication,channel and systems, the paper concludes some tactics.The bad influence of the emergency events lies in not only the damage and the injure that it brings, but also its great impact on the social structure and social relationships. It makes the social intercation in trouble and then conflicts break out. The studies of emergency events from the information variation do good to thinking of the mangement systems from social view, it helps to improve and regulate the social relationships, and eventually promote the harmonization and development of the society.