Inquiry Of The Privately Owned Newspaper Of The Chinese Mainland Exited(1949-1954)

After the Chinese Communist Party in power in 1949, the entire country's political, economic, cultural and social life has entered a transition period. Journalism, of course, is also listed in the columns of transformation. In the short span of six years, the privately owned newspapers completely removed from the mainland newspapers, which is an important characterization of journalism in transition.This research mainly bases on the opening up archives and documents related to the original newspaper, fully displays the last period of time spent by the private newspapers in mainland China, by means of quotations and identification of the specific facts, inspects progressively the way, process, the causes and the impact of the exit, in order to explore the historical truth, to understand history and reflect on history and draw lessons from history.In this study, there are mainly four parts. First, from a horizontal exit way and vertical exit time system, clarify the whole picture of the privately owned newspaper exit. On this basis, it points and investigates that this series of "to'Surname', change content, change thinking" outside to the inside to promote the transformation progressed by the Chinese Communist regime is a key link in the exit of the privately owned newspapers. Then, from the media ecology perspective,analyzes the deep motivation of the privately owned newspapers exit,,with the interaction of the privately owned newspapers and the new media living environment instituted by the new regime for the first level, the competition and coexistence of privately owned newspapers and survival of the Chinese Communist Party's authority in the same environment for the second level, inquires how the privately owned newspapers have lost the advantages for development in these two levels, including from the newspaper business to the newspapers'internal structure even a newspaper thought--- lost its independence-the foundation of this privately owned newspapers briliance---lost the possibility of sustaining development and had to choose to exit. Finally, around the influence withdrew by the privately owned newspapers exit from the transition from diverse to a single system, from the replacement of thought and its consequences,this paper discusses and points out that the exit of the privately owned newspapers, on the one hand, is to adapt to this society as a whole to the direction of the unitary transformation, which played a huge role in the consolidation of the new regime at the time; on the other hand, as a population of the newspaper, its completely, thoroughly exiting the mainland newspaper scene made the far-reaching implications in the development direction of right after the Chinese mainland newspaper, not only fundamentally changed the structure and layout of newspaper under the new regime, but also at a deeper level with the progress of the "unified" country party control to do the newspaper----a new pattern in nespapers, which was formed by the Chinese Communist Party in the Yan'an period,the party newspaper mode and thinking completely replaced the tradition of the scholar on the political newspaper.This research suggests that it is in a highly integrated society built under the unified media ecology, privately owned newspapers got involved into a strong planning and control of the institutional environment from news production to the condition of management, and could not get to meet their survival needs. Meanwhile, in coexistence with the Chinese Communist Party newspapers, it gradually lost its own advantages. What's more, with a unified party to do the newspaper system network was in full swing, the party's official newspaper at all levels gradually assumed the newspaper features covering all areas of society and guided the work of transmitting information channels. Privately owned newspapers increasingly declined and squated in the fringes outside the mainstream of social life. Finally, the first loss of the space of independent professional information activities, then financially dependent on government supplies, until giving up the freedom and independent news values adhered by privately owned newspapers, into the propaganda system and ideology of the party-state program production system, privately owned newspapers all lose its rationality of the existence.Exit is the inevitable choice of the mainland privately owned newspapers when the media ecology is completely changed. The same time, the "unified" party control of the State Office revealed the drawbacks of the systems, although privately owned newspapers exited, its thread unfinished, it has set off three times aftermath. However, since the existing media ecology can not be changed, there is no good effective in the appeal of open civil newspaper and, it can not be truly realized.