| After the Cold War, the international community increasing frequently intercourse between countries, especially in economic and trade exchanges is on the rapid development of the phenomenon of globalization gradually produced in various aspects, such as the globalization of transnational economic organizations (eg:WTO), NGO globalization (eg:PETA), business groups globalization, cultural globalization.Seemingly positive transnational exchanges and cooperation of the international community, but in 2001 the September 11 attacks on the United States after the incident, highlighting the harmony of the international community in the conflict. Was afraid to go to activists hijacked four airliners, collision with the United States on behalf of commercial landmark World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon in Washington, leading to more than 3,000 people dead and hundreds of billions of dollars in direct and indirect economic losses, more importantly, is the cause of most American psychological trauma and disaster shocked the international community. Following the attacks on the United States, other countries have also been found in several cross-border or domestic terrorist attacks, and these terrorist attacks continue to take place in the international community.Increasingly frequent exchanges and cooperation in a harmonious international society, why this unexpected terrible violent conflicts, people in the disaster sought to address the root causes of problems; famous American scholar and statesman Samuel Huntington in the post-Cold War concept of " clash of civilizations " theory, has been reintroduced discussed. Huntington in the 90 years after the end of the Cold War has just made " Clash of Civilizations" much academic controversy at the time, the main point of the clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. He believes in the future of the world will be the main source of international conflict is a cultural rather than ideological and economical; addition, major conflicts of global politics in the countries and groups of different civilizations between the post-Cold War international political order is power within the same civilization configuration and inseparable nature of the clash of civilizationsThus, between different civilizations, mutual respect and recognition of the boundaries and across different cultures and civilizations boundaries (crossing boundaries) is very important. International frequent contacts between globalization, the political landscape is bounded by culture and civilization re-formation, which first appeared in the history of the world of multi-polar and multi-civilizational global political trends and presents a variety of complex, ethnic conflicts prevalent in the culture and civilization will separate people at the same time, cultural similarities brings people together and promote mutual trust and cooperation, which helps to weaken or eliminate barriers. In addition, talking to Huntington’s " The Clash of Civilizations theory " most academic controversy, so many scholars do not agree with is that he believes the current cultures or clash of civilizations, notably the World seven kinds of clash of civilizations, and the Confucian civilization and Islamic civilization may co- the Western civilized world of the threat or challenge to the view.Different culture or civilization thousand conflicts occurred in the international community, in addition to the state and outside the exchanges between the countries, within a country between communities of different cultures, different regions and cultural life as well as different values between groups of social groups there are conflicts between organizations or bloody violence and even killings of a situation. For example, Hitler massacres of Jews during World War II,1915 in Central Asia during the Armenian genocide, and in 1994 occurred in Africa and Rwanda massacres and other historical events are significant in human history tragedy.In the history of Taiwan, have been a conflict between different ethnic groups fights event; occurs during the early Qing governance collected from the mainland and Taiwan Han Chinese immigrants between large and small ethnic fights events. In Taipei County, with historical records in addition to Aboriginal and Han Chinese clashed, but by the people of southern Fujian Quanzhou and Zhangzhou moved between people, but also because of different interests or cultural practices, mutual exchanges in the communication process occurs often due to poor communication sporadic fights or large-scale conflict, and therefore numerous casualtiesModern Taiwanese massive conflict between ethnic groups, when the number of 1947 occurred in the February 28 Incident, extended to most of Taiwan region, this event has a large impact on the election was also put forward the " mainlanders " and " natives " differentiation related issues, but with the gradual maturity of civil society in Taiwan, the current issues related to such ethnic differentiation is gradually being accepted by people. The conflict incident, although the causes of each event there are many factors, but the main factors attributed to one of the fundamental different cultures and values different ethnic groups in the same area a space where interaction is caused by the friction generated by the conflicts. Therefore, how to make living in a space groups of different cultural backgrounds, it is possible in the same geographical rationale for each other’ s cultures produce mutual solution, respect, tolerance and harmonious living together, association is not social, national, and even international between important research issue.Nized the same geographical place of residence groups from different cultural backgrounds can harmony, integration living together, apart from socio-cultural nature with their mutual communication, change of slowly evolving changes over time, the most rapidly and effectively promote ethnic harmony governmental organizations in a manner that is involved, there are plans to develop culturally relevant policies and prolonged for boost. An urban cultural policy formulation and promotion, in addition to promoting urban area outside of ethnic harmony and social harmony, from the Italian scholar Antonio Gramsci’s cultural hegemony theory perspective, the cultural policy formulation and implementation of the ruling leaders concerned, nothing more is to adopt policies to promote its ideology and values, with its moral and spiritual leadership, so that the majority of people receiving government a series of institutional norms or worldviews and social values to achieve the purpose of its ruleSo people can get the sense of identity, and thus " to win political power became a government can begin to exercise " leadership" of the first condition. Thus, the formulation and implementation of cultural policies, not only to promote the integration of urban residents and harmony important role for government leaders, who have the substantial political roleIn this paper, the main choice of Taipei County, northern Taiwan, and the study time is set at 1989 to 2010, mainly because with two unique reason. One is thatTaipei county is Taiwan’ s population structure, Taipei and the most complex the city, the other is that after martial law was upgraded to a municipality with the former Taipei County government organizations and society relations with the uniqueness of the original background of the times, these two unique reasons are not seen in other counties and cities in Taiwan.Taipei County is located in northern Taiwan, Taiwan’s population over the past decade the largest city, is also the most important satellite Taipei surrounding industrial city. Taipei County is a city of immigrants, and its diverse inhabitants complex structures, in addition to the usual in different ethnic groups can be divided into primary as Taiwanese, Hakka, provinces, Aboriginal and other new residents.Apart from the seventeenth century to the 1949 several large-scale immigration from mainland China to Taiwan Han Chinese, the other to accept as times change, social and economic structural change, by the counties and cities in Taiwan, Kinmen and Matsu islands and composed of people moved abroad; therefore live in cities with populations of different ethnic groups is also very rich and diverse cultural life can be said that concentrated all over Taiwan culture; plus in 50’s with the KMT government moved to Taiwan originated from withdrawal mainland provinces into ethnic provinces, Taipei County also say add more north-south across the mainland Chinese culture.After the lifting of martial law and upgraded before" period, Taipei County Cultural Policy Promotion quite successful, then the Taipei County Government to develop and promote profound impact on urban cultural policy, cultural policy and even some classics of cultural activities to promote awareness of local jumped internationally, also attracted international tourist visitors to the local participation in cultural activities, such as international Pingxi sky Lantern Festival, in addition to specific seasons when the old station from Taiwan Lantern Festival attracts people from all parts involved in day light cast outside, also on weekdays attracts Pinghsi international tourists to travel and experience the light of folk activities. Another international Gongliao Township, Beach Music Festival, attracts many tourists from Taiwan and other overseas countries participate in music competitions rock band, for several days of music competitions, music festival on the beach covered with participation of the masses. These cultural and media policy implications extend to the county by the township, Taiwan and even spread to the international, is really unprecedented. Therefore, in such a rich complex, human and cultural society and culture, Taipei County Cultural policy decisions how to take into account when the demand of different ethnic groups or groups, and make a variety of social and culturalTaipei County context of this city, " vector " image, Taipei County can show a unique culture within the jurisdiction to extend the development of the region’s culture and customs, and cultural characteristics are pushed outward and attract people from outside the region to understand the local culture, and worse still to participate in the Taipei county or consumption of local cultural activities and products in Taiwan is currently the county and city governments are primarily concerned with policy issues. But in 2010, Taipei County was upgraded to a municipality, city’s name also been changed to "the new Taipei City ", the organization and the organizational structure as the government changes, the new Taipei whether the implementation of cultural policy as 1989-2010 period the success of cultural policy. After this study, considered the organizational structure of government changed, " bottom-up" policy making reference to entry into a " top-down" in the form it is difficult to go beyond the " upgraded before and after martial law " during this special period. Therefore, this paper studies Taipei County, " martial law and upgraded former" period of cultural policy in the future spread and impact on whether a " unprecedented " At the time of a particular phenomenon, the study authors believe is likelyThis paper begins with the introduction part of this study describes the origin, meaning and practical value selected topics, topics related to the current literature review, the theoretical framework of this thesis and research methods, and new concepts for paper references innovative research methods, thesis and structures to elaborate. In the body of the paper is divided into five chapters, the first chapter discusses the meaning and cultural importance to the city. In ChapterⅡ introduces the history and society of Taipei County. In Chapter Ⅲ, discusses development of Taipei County Cultural policy and dissemination. In Chapter IX Taipei, discribes formulation of Taipei County Cultural policy,dissemination of Taipei Taipei County Cultural policy and urban culture (1989-2010). In the final Chapter, introduces the influence of Cultural policy by Taipei County Government.This thesis is to investigate cultural policy for 1989-2010 in Taipei County, the impact of urban construction, to explore the cultural policy, you need to the definition of culture and cultural studies to understand the process, can the cultural connotation and content policy recognized. Therefore, in this paper, the first chapter discusses the meaning and cultural significance of urban context, the definition of culture, cultural studies and cultural history of the development policy of the importance of the urban-oriented elaborate. Subject discourses on culture, the subject for this study — Taipei County, to be carried out on the social background of inquiry, to be social structural analysis clearly before we can add depth study of the Taipei County Government to develop the cultural connotation and Policy Implications purposes. Therefore, the second chapter arrangements in Taipei County History and society did discuss, the Taipei County history and socio-cultural structure of historical text analysis. Taipei County social structure, referred to herein social structure consists mainly of Taipei County, population structure, organizational structure of government, urban structure, regional structure, economic structure, social and cultural structure for the analysis discussed for Taipei County the historical evolution of social structure and changes in the local language distribution profiles, profiles religion, social customs and cultural structure of the economic environment of the impact of policy discourse, rather than the traditional sociological definition widely used or referred to in sociology narrowly defined social class hierarchyThe first two chapters of cultural and social background, Taipei County Historical text analysis systematically combing, the third chapter into government policy formulation and dissemination of inquiry, Taipei County Cultural Policy for the development and propagation hierarchical analysis. First of all policies and dissemination of inquiry to explore a city’s cultural policy, pluralistic complex prepared by different government organizations scattered in different competent authorities in particular portfolioA systematic study on how the city’s cultural policy development and dissemination, it is necessary framework and systems through research, to build a clear understanding of the contours of urban culture. In this paper, a framework for policy development, mainly the "File and file analysis", " Internet and Political Studies " and " elite interviews ", the use of government publications, books, and newspapers and magazines, to observe the government’s cultural policy announcement advocacy and implementation process. In this chapter discusses the cultural policy of the city to the dissemination of results section, presented by mixing blending with the compound three observations discussed as an observer facing the starting point, you can more clearly analyze social and cultural characteristics of the representatives. In the mixing stage, although the area of all ethnic groups living in the same geographical space of a city, but do not interact with each other over the culture, their development and maintenance of their original ethnic group, language, religion, habits and customs and other homeland. Therefore, in this period, likely because of different cultural backgrounds and values, mutual exchanges and prone to communication barriers between each other when it comes to conflict of interest between the two is more likely to cause disputes, and even upgrade to a violent conflict the situation. Can be observed in the fusion era of urban cultural phenomenon, is an inherent ethnic groups, in addition to outside cultural practices in their daily living in other ethnic groups are also integrated into the living habits or cultural customs and daily life within the Council through acts or thoughts which unfolded. The main meaning of this compound is different from the material or moral integration, after a certain procedure to generate new state sample. Just as the role of chemistry programs, such as " two hydrogen molecules (2H2)" with " oxygen (02)", according to the mixing ratio, it will produce new substances-"Water." Likewise, the compound " concept used to observe, explain cultural phenomenon, you can relatively easily and clearly define the different ethnic cultures in a specific geographical space, after passing through exchanges and communication with each other on each other’s part of the culture has considerable degree of recognition and appreciation of the identity or alien to their own culture into the culture of the family. I engaged in cultural studies, by the author of the proposed hybrid, fusion and observed indicators for the observation of three compounds discussed the starting point, you can clear and concise overview of a society do a preliminary cultural positioning.Policy towards diversification of the city, it is through the first three chapters of culture, history and social background, Taipei County, policy development and dissemination, and other related content after combing, then by the time axis as the main body from 1989 to 2010 years after martial law was upgraded Taipei County Magistrate municipality before the term of the policy-making style and promoting cultural forms are introduced by Yu Ching period (1989-1997) began to implement a "decentralization" of cultural policy, Su Tseng-chang period (1997-2005) implementation of the "one village, one characteristic" of the cultural construction blueprints, and Chou Hsi Wai period (2005-2010) to promote the development of cultural and creative industries such as text analysis of the time axis, to collect the official publication of books, annual reports county municipal and county governments annual budget book as a text analysis framework to systematically analyze artifacts scattered in various published reports and official cultural policy development among heterogeneous information. Finally then 1989-2010 period, the practice has significant influence over the spread of classical cultural policies organize and analyze case studies.Innovation of this paper, in addition to the aforementioned sum raised in the research process from the " mixing, blending and compounds " three observation for observation as a discourse of cultural studies perspective, but also in the theoretical framework of the study made use of David · Easton (D. Easton) "political system" theory as the dissemination of cultural policy research framework. Unlike traditional communication research, the use of Stuart Hall (Stuart Hall) of the " encoding and decoding " theoretical composition analysis framework, making this political message that you want to study the spread and persistence of the associated political system, it is from Easton’s systematic observational studies as a starting point to a more comprehensive, clear and complete understanding between policy formulation and dissemination of internal and external influences and the related properties. In this paper, the use of D. Easton’s " systems theory " to observe the cultural policy is how the government agencies, local organizations and the social and personal communications between the exchange and the operation of the final output policyThen observe the implementation of policies on the social impact of the operation of the feedback to the system, then re influence policy to move or modify, and finally re-start another new cycle. This article borrows the famous Easton political science systematic theoretical framework for the observational studies, such research may be thought of as a communication theory to explain it to the appropriate supplement to get more scientific conclusions.
|
PDF Full Text Request