Dynamic Processes Of Forest Landscape And Evaluation Of Forest Landscape Ecology In Maoershan Region

With geographic information system (GIS), the spatial data of Maoershan regional forest landscape were collected and analyzed to construct the spatial database and build the spatial analysis models. In the view of landscape composition, structure, distribution pattern, and spatial relationships, we analyzed the current situation, dynamic processes, and controlling factors and mechanisms of the Maoershan forest landscape. At the same time, the forest landscape dynamics were simulated by Markov model. Finally, the forest landscape was evaluated scientifically.Woodland was mainly substrate of Maoershan region, and was dominant to control landscape structure, function and dynamic processes. The patches of open woodland, planted land, wilderness, marsh, and hamlet were in the form of mosaic.There were high heterogeneity and fragmentation of the landscape and all heterogeneous factors were in the form of mosaic. With detailing division, the landscape diversity and evenness indices were very high. The effects of human disturbance on landscape diversity were ambiguity and the highest one was in the medium disturbance region.The average patch sizes of different landscape elements and patch grain-level structure were different, which reflected that they were in different ecological processes and disturbance situations. As a whole, the patch size of woodland was bigger than that of nonforest land and the patch shape had a very high variance. Generally, artificial control patches were relatively normal and natural ones were complex.The spatial distribution pattern of landscape elements in the region mainly reflected in the south-north and east-west directions and the characteristics of landscape heterogeneity were distinct, and the local topography was one of the most important factors in controlling the spatial distribution of landscape elements. In the south part, the ecological potential was low and the most obvious was in the southeastern and southwestern corner. The vegetational pattern showed a trip trend along the elevation.The area ratio and dominance of woodland all the time were highest and there was an accelerating trend of the woodland in area ratio way, suggesting that the region were in the processes of forest vegetation regeneration and landscape quality improvement.At the initial stage of regeneration, the patch density and edge density of woodland were increased with the community development, the smaller patches were merged into a bigger one, and the patch shapes were normalized. In the researched period, the degree of landscape aggregation showed an initially increased then decreased trend, while the whole landscape diversity had a decreased trend. The proportions of different forest type in area way were balanced and forest landscape diversity was increased.The small and medium patches were dominant in the region and the average size of patch changed little. All landscape elements changed along different directions and rates. The average size of the whole-landscape decreased initially then increased and the shape index showed a contrary trend. The characteristics of landscape elements which were related with human activities depended on the human activities, while the natural ones showed a various direction and pathway pattern.In the adopted scale, horizontal spatial location had no effects on landscape dynamics but the topography was on the contrary. The topography also affected the frequency and spatial distribution of human activities. This showed that the topography was a driving factor for landscape dynamics, and the time and human disturbance also were important in the process. The whole trend of land use was that forest land increased but the changed extent was a little. When reaching the steady state, the landscape structure would not change essentially and the landscape would appear higher heterogeneity and contrastivity.With a comprehensive evaluation of landscape ecology in Maoershan region, the landscapes were divided into four classes according to landscape quality. The first...