Study On The Influence Of Technical Barriers To Trade On Dual Margins Of Chinese Vegetables And Fruits Export

After the World War II,the global economy’s recovery has pushed forward the rapid developments of international trade.However,the global political situation and economic crisis made the global economic and trade relations complex and changeable in the 1970 s.In order to protect the domestic market,developed countries turned to implement export subsidies,import restrictions and other nontariff protection measures,the World Trade Organization was established under the international background.China,as the largest developing country all over the world,the act of joining the WTO can be described as both opportunity and challenge.The year 2021 marked the 20 th anniversary of China’s entry to the WTO.China has actively developed its domestic economy and reduced tariffs,becoming the largest trading country of goods and the second largest agricultural trade country.However,the global economy’s evolution is based on the game between free trade and trade protection.Because of prominence of global food safety,animal health and environmental protection,in order to protect the development of their own industries,developed countries led by Europe,America and Japan have turned to more flexible and hidden technical barriers to trade.As there was a certain gap between China and developed countries in science and technology level and production capacity,China was often in a disadvantageous position in the export process.As an important export agricultural product in China,the export trade of vegetables and fruits shows a rapid upward trend.Vegetables and fruits have become the second and third largest export agricultural products in China.At the same time,due to the relatively backward technical standards of China’s agricultural products,the export of Chines vegetables and fruits and other agricultural products to developed countries is frequently blocked,and the number of notifications and special trade concerns published by the WTO was also increasing year by year.Although there are more and more studies on TBT at home and abroad in recent years,and the research methods gradually change from qualitative research to quantitative research,the majority of existing literatures are confined to the discussion of the total export volume and export scale at the macro level,the measurement perspective of TBT is also relatively single,and the comprehensive analysis of the dual margins of vegetables and fruits export from the perspective of special trade concerns is less.In order to clarify the dual marginal structure of China’s vegetables and fruits export growth and the impact of special trade concerns on the dual margins of export,this paper carries out theoretical analysis and empirical analysis respectively.In terms of theoretical analysis,this paper reviews the relevant literature on technical barriers to trade,special trade concerns,dual margins of export and the export of vegetables and fruits,analyzes the market equilibrium in the new-new trade theory and the influence mechanism of changes in TBT to export trade,and finds that the export scale of Chinese vegetables and fruits is expanding by using the export data from 2002 to2020.However,TBT is building up,and the number of STC related to vegetables and fruits is also increasing year by year.In terms of empirical analysis,this paper calculates the intensive margin and expansive margin of vegetables and fruits export from the product level,and discusses TBT’s influence on dual margins of vegetables and fruits export from the perspective of special trade concerns with the help of the expanded gravity model.The results show that the status of Chinese vegetables and fruits export is becoming increasingly significant,and the export growth mainly depends on the intensive margin,the expansive margin has limited effectiveness;In the process of vegetable and fruit export,it still faces strong technical barriers to trade,which inhibits the intensive margin of vegetables and fruits export and promote the expansive margin.On account of the result of theoretical and empirical analysis,this paper puts forward the following suggestions: the state should strengthen the internationalization strategy of agricultural industry,the government should enhance technical services and technical standards,industry associations should strengthen industrial cooperation,and enterprises should strengthen technological innovation and professional production.