Study On The Pension Dilemma And Countermeasures Of The Rural Elderly Living Alone From The Perspective Of Social Support

According to the seventh census data,by the end of 2020,the population aged60 and above in China has reached 18.70% of the total population,which means that China is very close to a moderately aging society,and the pension problem will be a major social problem in the future.At the same time,the size of Chinese households continued to shrink,with the average number of households shrinking to 2.62.With the deepening of population aging and the changing of family structure,the elderly living alone have gradually become a huge group.The elderly living alone is the most vulnerable group in the elderly population.The elderly living alone in rural areas have both rural and solitary weak factors,and their pension is facing many difficulties.It is of practical significance to study the pension problems of the elderly living alone in rural areas.This paper selected the elderly living alone in A town in eastern Henan province as the research object,conducted A questionnaire survey and supplemented by intervi ews,and found the elderly living alone in the economy,care and comfort and other as pects of the pension status.On the basis of field investigation and obtaining certain da ta,the social support theory is used to analyze the social support status of the rural eld erly living alone in the aspects of economy,care and loan relief.It is found that the el derly living alone in rural areas face the dilemma of low income and single source,lo w care level,poor spiritual comfort and so on.Then,from the three levels of social su pport subjects,namely the government and formal organizations,communities and fa milies,this paper analyzes the causes of the pension plight of the elderly living alone i n rural areas.At the community level,including lack of rural endowment resources an d backward rural community construction;At the family level,the family pension fun ction is weakened and the elderly living alone have insufficient self-support ability.B ased on social support theory and welfare pluralism theory,this paper proposes to con struct formal support for rural elderly living alone led by the government and formal organizations,including improving rural old-age security,enriching rural old-age reso urces,and giving play to the power of market subjects.Community-oriented quasi-for mal support,including strengthening the care of vulnerable groups,building commun ity mutual aid mechanism,and vigorously developing community elderly care;As we ll as informal support networks dominated by family and personal networks,includin g "hard constraints" of legal obligations,"soft guidance" of filial piety culture,and in novative forms of family pension,so as to resolve the pension plight of the elderly liv ing alone in rural areas.