Research On Icon Design Method Of Graphical User Interface From The Perspective Of Cognitive Function

In the human-computer interaction interface,graphics are the main information carrier,while in various graphics,icons are the main ones that undertake the communication and interaction between users and computers.However,because icons often appear together with words,and the ideographic function is mainly borne by words,the cognitive function of icons gradually weakens,and when they appear alone,they will bring trouble to users.Therefore,it is necessary to exclude the dominant position of words in the information transmission of graphical user interface,study the cognitive properties of icons themselves,and explore the design methods to make the semantics of icons conform to users’ cognitive characteristics and expectations.Through literature review,the author found that in previous studies,the evaluation standard of icon cognition was more defined as cognitive efficiency,and there was a problem of ignoring the cognitive effect with the same research value.Therefore,the author defined the dependent variable as cognitive effect,and carried out research around it.In view of the fact that research in this field has not produced enough detailed references to explore and determine the status quo of quantitative research on causality,the author adopted the exploratory research technology of grounded theory in the qualitative research method,conducted in-depth interviews with 30 users with the icon association cognitive questionnaire,and then constructed a grounded theoretical model of the influencing factors of icon cognitive effect through substantive coding and theoretical coding technology.According to the cognitive process of icons,the influencing factors are divided into graphic vision,element picking and concept understanding.After the mining process of the above influencing factors,the author has a better understanding of the research object,and on this basis,put forward a theoretical hypothesis from the icon cognitive process,namely,whether there is a certain range of the necessary number of graphic details? Will the number of elements(primary and secondary)have different effects on the cognitive effect of icons? Will the cognitive strategies adopted by users affect the cognitive effect of icons? In view of the above problems,the author carried out experimental research and inductive analysis respectively.In the research on the necessary quantity range of graphic details as one of the graphic visual factors,the author asked 30 subjects to draw a total of 90 items selected by the author in the most concise and recognizable way.The selection criteria of these items mainly considered the representativeness of their category and the representativeness of items in the category.Then,based on prototype theory,component recognition theory and the standards in previous studies,the author defines the detail types of items,counts them one by one,and finally draws the conclusion that the necessary number of graphic details is 4-5.In the research on the number of(primary and secondary)elements as one of the factors of element picking,the author controlled the factors affecting the representativeness,complexity,location,size and order of elements,considered the combination of icon elements in reality,designed 14 different experimental materials,and conducted icon cognitive association experiments on 180 subjects.The results of the analysis of experimental data show that the difference in the number of elements and the number of primary and secondary elements will have a significantly different impact on the cognitive effect.The degree of impact is the number of primary elements<the number of elements<the number of secondary elements.In the analysis of users’ icon cognitive strategies as one of the factors of concept understanding,the author abstractly summarized and coded 1450 icon semantic groups.Through descriptive analysis,the author showed the impact of different cognitive strategies on icon cognitive effects.In addition,the author found a significant positive correlation between the frequency of cognitive strategies and the degree of appropriateness of images and texts to obtain semantics,It provides a reference for designers to organize the graphic semantic relationship when designing icons.