Research On Heuristic Uneven Clustering WSN Routing Protocol

Wireless sensor network(WSN)has been widely used in industry,agriculture,scientific research,medicine,military and other fields to build an automated information system and effectively realize collecting data in real time to provide users with valid and real information.WSN is composed of a large number of miniature wireless sensors,which have small sensor size and wide monitoring range,are supplied by battery power and self-organized.The complex deployment environment of WSN nodes makes it difficult to manually replace the battery.If the communication routing protocol is unreasonable,it is easy to generate a “hot zone”.The nodes in the “hot zone”have high energy consumption and are prone to “energy hole”.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance for the application and development of WSN to study the energy-saving and reliable WSN routing protocol and prolong the network life.Aimed at the “energy hole” problem of the WSN,this thesis applies the basic concepts of graph theory,coverage and connectivity to the network,deploys sensor nodes non-uniformly,uses spanning tree model to describe the network and routing protocol,and proposes two uneven cluster routing protocol model,aiming to prolong network life,balance energy consumption,and improve network coverage and connectivity.The main work and innovation results are as follows:(1)This thesis studied WSN and its related routing protocols,based on the relevant knowledge of graph theory,the concepts of connectivity and coverage and their calculation methods are proposed and applied to the evaluation indexes of routing protocols.In addition,an uneven network deployment model based on graph theory is designed.The spanning tree concept in graph theory is applied to the network by establishing terminal tree models in clusters and trunk tree models between clusters.(2)Based on the graph theory,a heuristic energy balance uneven clustering protocol for small-scale WSN(SHEBUC)is proposed.Nodes are deployed according to the uneven network deployment model,cluster locations are reasonably divided,and an adaptive partitioning algorithm is proposed to divide clusters according to the actual node distribution to control communication energy consumption.When electing cluster heads,the concept of energy density centroid is proposed.Competition function contains the remaining energy of the candidate cluster head,the distance from the energy density centroid,the sum of the distance from the nodes in the cluster and the distance from the base station.Then,the cluster structure is described by the terminal tree model,realizing the optimal selection of CH.When selecting relay nodes between clusters,the heuristic A* algorithm is used to find the optimal relay node based on the shortest sum of distance to the base station.Experiments show that SHEBUC protocol proposed in this thesis has 17% longer network lifetime than AEBUC protocol and 43%longer than EEUC protocol,energy mean square error is 20% lower than AEBUC protocol and 70% lower than EEUC protocol.The network life is prolonged and the phenomenon of “hot zone” is alleviated.(3)Based on the graph theory,a heuristic energy balance uneven clustering protocol for large-scale WSN(LHEBUC)is proposed.Compared with small-scale networks,large-scale networks have larger communication distance,more dense nodes,and more complex topology,therefore,SHEBUC protocol needs further improvement.Nodes are deployed unevenly,the layer number range is determined according to the maximum communication distance of the nodes,and the optimal number of layers is determined through simulation experiment,controling intra-cluster communication energy consumption.In the cluster head election algorithm and the inter-cluster routing algorithm,the physical distance in the competition function is optimized as a generalized distance.In the inter-cluster routing stage,a trunk tree model is constructed,the residual energy of the candidate relay node and the number of nodes in the cluster are added to the cost function.Experiments show that the network life of the LHEBUC protocol is 34% longer than the SHEBUC protocol,36% longer than the AEBUC protocol,and 94% longer than the EEUC protocol.LHEBUC prolongs the network life,balances the node energy consumption,and realizes high connectivity and high coverage.This thesis has 50 pictures,12 tables,and 82 references.