| With the development of sensor technology and wireless communication technology,wireless sensor networks(WSNs)have been widely used in recent years.Because the sensor nodes in WSNs are mostly powered by their own miniature batteries and are difficult to charge,the energy resources in WSNs are very limited.How to reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes and extend the life of the network are the key issues that WSNs need to solve.Many scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of research work on this problem.The results show that WSNs topology and routing algorithm optimization can effectively extend the life of the network,so it is of great significance to study the routing algorithm of energy consumption balance for the application of WSNs.In the wireless sensor network routing algorithm,the clustered hierarchical routing algorithm has obvious advantages in balancing the node load and rationally using the network energy.In this paper,the energy efficiency of cluster-based routing algorithms is studied in depth,and on the basis of the existing energy consumption balancing strategies,the energy consumption balance of the layered structure network is mainly studied.The main contents of the paper are as follows:(1)The working principle and characteristics of WSNs,the structure of sensor nodes and energy consumption are elaborated in detail.Through the comparison and analysis of various classic routing algorithms of WSNs,the characteristics of clustering routing algorithms are studied and given based on this,the design principle of clustering routing algorithm is introduced.(2)Aiming at the energy hole problem caused by the uneven energy consumption of nodes in energy homogeneous WSNs,a non-uniform partitioned energy consumption routing algorithm for WSNs was proposed.The algorithm analyzes the relationship between the layer spacing of the hierarchical network and the energy consumption of each layer of the network,and makes a reasonable network division based on this relationship,achieving the purpose of balancing the energy consumption of each layer of the network.Secondly,the nodes in the same partition are clustered and a cost function related to the remaining energy of the nodes and the minimum energy consumption in the cluster is designed as the basis for cluster head selection,which ensures the rationality of cluster head selection and the uniformity of cluster distribution.Finally,between different layers of the network,the outer cluster head uses the inner cluster head as a relay to build the shortest routing path,which reduces the transmission energy consumption between network clusters.(3)Aiming at the problems of uneven energy consumption of nodes and low energy utilization in WSNs,a non-uniform clustering algorithm for WSNs with heterogeneous energy is proposed.This algorithm calculates the optimal number of cluster heads under the condition of the minimum total energy consumption according to the relationship between the total network energy consumption and the number of network cluster heads.The energy heterogeneity strategy is combined with the energy consumption relationship of each layer of the network to ensure that the energy consumption of each layer of the network is balanced under the condition of minimum total energy consumption.In addition,a "triple constraint" strategy is also proposed to optimize data transmission between different layers of the network,not only to achieve "cross-layer transmission" of data,but also to construct the shortest routing path,which further reduces the transmission energy consumption between network clusters.Finally,through simulation experiments,it is found that the two WSNs energy-balanced routing algorithms proposed in this paper are excellent in terms of the number of nodes alive,the average remaining energy of nodes,and the performance of nodes in the "hot zone.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in optimizing the network life cycle is verified.Figure[29]table[8]reference[32]... |
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