Research On The Pension Dilemma Of Rural Left-Behind Elderly From The Perspective Of Self-Care

With the acceleration of market economy and urbanization,a large number of rural young and middle-aged labor force has outflowed,and the number of rural left-behind elderly has gradually increased.In this context,on the one hand,the urbanization development goal of children has caused the pension resources of the left-behind elderly to be squeezed,on the other hand,the basic national conditions of China’s large population and insufficient support of the national old-age welfare policy,the left-behind elderly are facing the general demand for self-care.In this context,this study analyzes the basic status quo and dilemma of the left-behind elderly to cope with the needs of self-care from the perspective of self-care.Through interviews with the left-behind elderly in W village,the author found that the inability to provide for the elderly and the type of self-reliance as the main external force accounted for 51% of the left-behind elderly in the W village,which indicates that most of the left-behind elderly have insufficient self-care ability.Based on this data,this paper first analyzes the basic living conditions of the left-behind elderly in these three types of old-age care,and finds that:(1)For the left-behind elderly groups who are completely self-reliant,because their physical condition is relatively healthy and most of them belong to the young elderly,they can engage in a certain degree of labor intensity,so as to obtain relatively rich material resources for the elderly.Most of the left-behind elderly of this type of pension have a relatively strong motivation to increase income and accumulate pension resources,they have a high sense of self-care and strong self-care ability,and are practicing a positive self-care method.(2)The left-behind elderly group with self-reliance as the main external force as the supplement,because of its limited ability to obtain economic resources,their quality of life is relatively average,although they can meet the basic food and clothing,but their self-care material resources are insufficient,and the opportunity to obtain economic resources is limited.In the long run,it is easy to develop into the inability to care for the elderly.(3)The left-behind elderly group who cannot afford to provide for the elderly is more difficult in old age.On the one hand,they do not have enough financial reserves for the elderly.On the other hand,they are unable to carry out large-scale agricultural activities due to their physical condition.As a result,they do not have access to the basic material resources to sustain themselves,but have to rely on external support such as children and policies,and if these supports are insufficient,their lives are extremely vulnerable to hardship.Secondly,on the basis of the above status,this paper focuses on the analysis of the pension dilemma of two types of left-behind elderly groups: self-reliance as the main external force and the inability to provide for the elderly.The study found that the dilemma revealed in the two types of old-age care has both similarities and differences.From the common point of view of the difficulties existing in the two,they both have problems and challenges in their own insufficient financial ability for the elderly and insufficient financial support for their children.From the difference between the two dilemmas,for the left-behind elderly who are self-reliant and supplemented by external forces,their dilemma is mainly manifested in the lack of extensive employment opportunities and production technical support.For the left-behind elderly who cannot afford to age,their dilemma is mainly manifested in the insufficient ability to obtain medical resources and insufficient spiritual comfort support.Finally,in view of the dilemma of the left-behind elderly in the process of old-age care,the author puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions:On the whole,it is necessary to build the government’s economic and technical support network for rural agricultural development,so as to increase the agricultural income of the elderly and improve their economic ability for self-care.At the same time,strengthen family ties and ensure the role of families in supporting the left-behind elderly.In part,for the left-behind elderly who seek other income channels such as working or developing side jobs due to the decline in their working capacity,it is necessary to adopt the method of introducing foreign capital and building a new social network to broaden their employment channels.In addition,it is necessary to build a technical support network of the government to train the left-behind elderly in the technical capacity to develop side jobs.For the left-behind elderly who are difficult to obtain medical resources and lack spiritual comfort,on the one hand,it is necessary to strengthen targeted economic subsidies,improve medical security policies,and reduce the difficulty of obtaining medical resources for these left-behind elderly.On the other hand,it is necessary to actively carry out various community activities and build a community support network to enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the left-behind elderly.