The Influence Of Social Capital On The Relative Poverty Of The New Generation Of Migrant Workers

By 2020,China had successfully accomplished the task of poverty alleviation,lifting all rural residents out of poverty,historically eradicating absolute poverty,achieving the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,and achieving China’s first centenary Goal.However,the elimination of absolute poverty does not mean that the poverty problem is completely solved.There are still a large number of people just crossing the absolute poverty line,and the income distribution gap between urban and rural residents is still large.The imperfect household registration system,social security mechanism and market mechanism make migrant workers,as the main force of the labor force,face severe problems of relative poverty.The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee clearly proposed the establishment of a long-term mechanism to address relative poverty.The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee listed consolidating and expanding the achievements in poverty alleviation and advancing the rural revitalization strategy as the main goals of economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.It was mentioned in the report of the 20th CPC National Congress that to fully build China into a great modern socialist country,the primary task is to achieve high-quality development.High-quality development requires consolidating and expanding the achievements made in poverty alleviation,promoting urban-rural integration and coordinated development among regions.Therefore,China’s current poverty reduction task still needs to continue.We should focus on addressing relative poverty,pay attention to the actual needs of the relative poor,and realize the modernization of common prosperity for all the people.In the new development stage,the new generation of migrant workers is the key group to deal with the problem of relative poverty.The new generation of migrant workers defined in this paper are those who were born after 1980,have reached the age of 16,have rural household registration and leave their place of residence to work.The new generation of migrant workers have a higher level of education than their parents,good ability to accept new technologies,thinking and life concepts,and the impact of developed we-media information.They are full of longing for urban work and life,and have higher expectations for the future life.However,there is still a big gap between them and urban residents in terms of education level,knowledge and technology and way of thinking.Therefore,in the social environment of high-quality economic development and industrial structure transformation,in the increasingly fierce social competition of "internalization",this part of the group is in a disadvantageous position,which makes the discrepancy between expectation and reality bring a huge psychological gap,and intensifies the possibility of falling into the poverty state of income gap and subjective feeling of living standard.Therefore,this paper studies the relative poverty of the new generation of migrant workers.In the mechanism of poverty reduction,in addition to institutional and economic means,social capital as a channel of informal organizations has attracted more and more scholars’ attention.The connotation of social capital is understood from the perspective of Marxist political economy,reflecting the relationship between people and people and between people and society.Social capital includes network,trust,cooperation,reputation,participation and other mechanisms,which reflect the division of labor in society,production practice,interpersonal communication and other social relations and mechanisms of action.Therefore,for the new generation of migrant workers,with the rapid development of network media,the contrast difference in living conditions and happiness gradually becomes a direct problem.Social capital can effectively improve the economic conditions and quality of life of the new generation of migrant workers by reducing transaction and information search costs,generating knowledge spillover effect and alleviating social marginalization.To alleviate the relative poverty of the new generation of migrant workers from both income and subjective perspectives.In view of this,this paper,from the dual perspectives of income and life satisfaction,aims to alleviate the relative poverty of the new generation of migrant workers,and discusses the influence,characteristics and mechanism of social capital on relative poverty.Around the main research purpose in this paper,according to the literature review theoretical framework-ask questions-analysis-empirical data analysis-the conclusion suggested research train of thought,based on the CFPS questionnaire survey of 2127 sample data,combining theoretical analysis and empirical analysis,the research on the new generation of migrant workers social capital relative to the direct effects and indirect effects of poverty.The specific method is to obtain four specific dimension indexes of social network,social trust,social reputation and social participation through factor analysis method and construct comprehensive indexes of social capital,use binary Probit model for regression analysis,and use IV-Probit instrumental variable method and Logistic mediating effect model for robustness and mechanism test.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Through sorting out the evolution from the classical political economy poverty theory to Marx’s poverty theory,the paper deeply analyzes the characteristics and commonness of the poverty problem of The Times.From the successful practical experience of the Sinicization of Marx’s poverty theory,it can be concluded that the core of China’s relative poverty management is still the development of productive forces,and the development of high-quality productive forces.The development of social productivity depends on the development of people and ultimately aims to realize the comprehensive and free development of people.Therefore,according to the individual-society-state-individual logic,adhere to the people’s position and focus on the solution of individual poverty problem,we should pay attention to the relative poverty of the new generation of migrant workers as the main force of labor force.Starting from the analysis of the difficulties faced by the new generation of migrant workers in cities,it is difficult for these groups to find employment,low quality of employment,high cost of living and adapt to urban life,and their economic status and subjective well-being are at a low level.By combing the theory of social capital,the connotation of social capital is understood from the subject of society--human.In Marxist theory,human is a person engaged in practical activities,and practical activities are first production practice and communication practice.Therefore,the essence of human is the sum of all social relations formed in all activities based on production and communication practice.Therefore,social capital,as an informal system and a resource embedded in the relationship network,plays an indispensable role in alleviating the relative poverty of the new generation of migrant workers.(2)Based on the relevant research and definition of relative poverty,the relative poverty of the new generation of migrant workers is divided into objective relative poverty and subjective relative poverty based on income and life satisfaction,which is taken as the dependent variable of the empirical study in this paper.By combing the relevant studies on social capital poverty reduction,the index system of social capital is constructed from the four dimensions of social network,social trust,social reputation and social participation as the independent variable of the empirical study in this paper.According to the existing studies,the control variables of the new generation of migrant workers are selected and the benchmark regression analysis is carried out.The results show that social capital has a significant negative impact on the probability of the new generation of migrant workers falling into relative poverty.For every 1% increase in social capital,the objective relative poverty probability decreases by 3.6% and the subjective relative poverty probability decreases by 16.8%.Among the specific dimensions of social capital,social network has the greatest effect on alleviating objective relative poverty,while social trust has the greatest effect on alleviating subjective relative poverty.Among the control variables,age and gender have a significant negative impact on objective relative poverty,and marital status and health have a significant negative impact on subjective relative poverty,reflecting the individual characteristics of the new generation of migrant workers in different types of relative poverty.The robustness test proves the accuracy of the benchmark regression results.(3)According to the individual characteristics of the new generation of migrant workers,taking industry,marriage,gender and education level as the group criteria,the empirical analysis shows that the new generation of migrant workers are more engaged in the service industry and the poverty reduction effect of social capital is stronger than that of other industries.Gender difference has little effect on poverty reduction of social capital.The heterogeneity of marriage and education level shows opposite results in the effect of social capital on objective relative poverty and subjective relative poverty reduction,which reflects the different needs of different groups of the new generation of migrant workers for income and life experience.(4)With employment quality satisfaction as the mediating variable,this paper discusses the mechanism of social capital on the relative poverty of the new generation of migrant workers.Empirical test level of social capital can promote employment quality satisfaction,social capital can by improving migrant workers employment environment,broaden the employment channels to reduce the probability in a relatively poor.(5)Based on theoretical analysis and empirical research results,this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations.First of all,we should establish a sound monitoring and early warning mechanism for the relative poverty of the new generation of migrant workers,timely and accurately track the information and changes of the relative poor population,and do a good job in helping the corresponding work.Secondly,multi-subject cooperation is needed to promote the new generation of migrant workers to quickly realize social capital accumulation,build a harmonious social interaction environment,and lay a foundation for further improving economic material conditions and life satisfaction and happiness.We also need to improve the employment and vocational education systems to enhance the social competitiveness and initiative of the new generation of migrant workers and liberate their capacity for self-development.