Study Of Scientific Thinking In Physics Examinations Based On SOLO Classification Theory

In 2019,the third batch of reform provinces announced a comprehensive reform plan for the college entrance examination,with physics becoming one of the preferred subjects.The changes in physics exam questions in the college entrance examination have attracted great attention.However,frontline teachers’ evaluation of college entrance examination questions is often limited to qualitative descriptions,and there is a lack of quantitative research framework for the connotation of scientific thinking in the questions.This study is based on this.Scientific thinking,as one of the core competencies of the physics discipline,is also one of the "four layers" requirements of the college entrance examination evaluation system.In 2019,the Ministry of Education further clarified the three ability groups to be examined in the college entrance examination,including the thinking and cognitive ability group.It can be seen that the new college entrance examination not only emphasizes the examination of knowledge level,but also strengthens the examination of thinking ability.SOLO classification theory,as a qualitative evaluation method,divides students’ learning results into five levels,with strong observability and testability.Research has shown that SOLO theory can not only be used to evaluate students’ learning outcomes,but also to analyze the knowledge points required for test questions and the degree of correlation between them,and to evaluate the inherent complexity of test papers.Therefore,applying SOLO theory to evaluate test questions has unique advantages in the evaluation of college entrance examination papers.In this paper,for the three years(2020-2022)of the successful reform of the new college entrance examination around the first batch of the new college entrance examination reform model(3+3,represented by Beijing)and the second batch of the reform model(3+1+2,represented by Hebei)and the national paper(Paper B)of these three provinces and cities as a sample,an attempt is made to analyze the structure,SOLO level,scientific thinking and difficulty of the questions.For this purpose,the following work was done.In the first part: This article applies the SOLO classification theory to construct a hierarchical classification standard for scientific thinking ability in physics test questions.The five levels of scientific thinking ability corresponding to physics test questions are divided into five levels: single-point structure level,multi-point structure level,association structure level(first and second levels),and abstract expansion structure level.Then,the knowledge points of 9 sets of college entrance examination papers in the past three years are listed.After analyzing the reliability of the evaluation tools,the SOLO level and the scientific thinking level of the test questions are divided according to the requirements of each level,as well as the proportion of knowledge blocks and the structure of the questions.The second part: Analysis of the proficiency levels of Chinese college entrance examination physics test questions.After completing the analysis and grading of the sample questions,9 sets of papers were used as the sample for the study.Excel software was used to plot the SOLO level score percentage graph,SOLO level descriptive statistics table,knowledge module score percentage graph,and difficulty bar chart for each stage of the GCE Physics test questions.The ability levels of the physics questions in each stage of the HKALE were analyzed and summarised from four perspectives: paper difficulty,knowledge modules,question structure of the paper,and question style.The results show that Beijing’s NSSE questions in the last three years were the most creative and had the most innovative format,but the lowest average difficulty,and the questions required the lowest level of scientific thinking.The last three years’ papers in Hebei Province have divided into two stages: the first stage was in 2020 when the national paper(Paper I)was used for the exam,and the second stage was in 2021-2022 when the new college entrance examination model(3+1+2)was implemented and the papers became self-administered.In the second stage,the SOLO tier and the average level of scientific thinking of the Hebei provincial test questions increase overall,and there is a significant difference in difficulty from the first stage.The National Paper,being the most widely used,longest established,and authoritative paper,has maintained good consistency over the last three years,with the average SOLO level and thinking level being greater than the Beijing average and less than that of Hebei Province.The last part: Suggestions for teaching the design and preparation of physics test questions for Chinese college entrance examinations.Based on the appreciation of the excellent test questions,two suggestions for test formulation and three teaching strategies for test preparation are proposed.The recommendations are(1)to try new ways of formulating the questions and(2)to pay attention to the comprehensiveness of the levels of thinking and the rationality of their distribution.The teaching suggestions for exam preparation are(1)to enhance the connotation of scientific thinking in the process of "multiple solutions";(2)to respect the intention of the textbook and complete the knowledge system;(3)to enrich the problem situation in the classroom and strengthen students’ transferability.