A Study On The Relationship Between Basic Motor Skills And Executive Function Of Senior Class Children

Research Objective: This study aims to understand the development of basic motor skills and executive function of large class children and the existing gender differences,and further analyze the relationship between basic motor skills and executive function,so as to provide a theoretical basis for physical education educators to better carry out teaching work and promote the healthy growth of children.Methods: In this study,122 children(55 boys and 67 girls)from the kindergarten affiliated to Zhejiang Normal University in Jinhua,Zhejiang Province,were selected for testing.Test of Gross Motor Development-2(TGMD-2)was used to measure children’s gross motor skills.The fine motor skills of children were measured by beading,origami airplane(two-handed skills),patterning and coin placement(one-handed skills),etc.Children’s inhibitory control,working memory and cognitive flexibility were measured by three types of tasks: day/night task,inverted number span task and dimension change card.SPSS 26.0 software was used for descriptive statistics,difference analysis and linear regression analysis.Results:(1)The average completion rate of displacement skills(0.52±0.07)was higher than that of object control skills(0.45 ± 0.12).There was no significant difference in gross motor skills between 5 and 6 years old(T=0.154,P=0.878),but there were differences in gross motor skills between different genders(T=-2.528,P=0.013).Specifically,the displacement skill score of girls(9.64 ± 1.20)was significantly higher than that of boys(9.00±1.10),while the object control skill score of boys(3.67±1.00)and girls(3.58±0.98)had no significant difference.(2)The average completion rate of one-handed skills(0.68±0.09)was higher than that of two-handed skills(0.47±0.11).There was no significant difference in global fine motor skills between 5 and 6 years old(T=-1.310,P=0.193).There were significant differences in fine motor of children of different genders(T=-2.468,P=0.015).The score of two-handed skills of girls(4.42 ± 0.98)was significantly higher than that of boys(4.02±1.11),while the score of one-handed skills of boys(6.02±0.78)and girls(6.25±0.87)had no significant difference.(3)The inhibitory control completion rate of executive function was the highest(0.86±0.11),followed by working memory(0.80 ±0.10)and cognitive flexibility(0.64 ± 0.12).There was no significant difference in executive function among children of different ages(T=-0.671,P=0.503)and gender(T=-0.839,P=0.403).(4)The results of linear regression analysis showed that gross motor skills were significant predictors of inhibitory control(β=0.603,P=0.000),working memory(β=0.545,P=0.000)and cognitive flexibility(β=0.712,P=0.000).The explanation rates of the three were 34.0%,28.0% and 47.4%,respectively.Fine motor skills were significant predictors of inhibitory control(β=0.376,P=0.000),working memory(β= 0.355,P=0.000)and cognitive flexibility(β= 0.593,P=0.000),with explanatory rates of 12.4%,11.5% and 32.4%,respectively.Conclusion: The gross motor skills,fine motor skills and executive function of5-6 years old senior class children are basically at the same level,the displacement skills and hand skills of girls are significantly higher than that of boys.Gross motor skills and fine motor skills are important factors affecting executive function of children in large class,and can predict the development of executive function in a certain range.