Optimization Study Of Governance Policy Tools For Subject-based Extracurricular Training Institutions In Compulsory Education Under The Dual Reduction Policy

The scarcity of educational resources has long been a challenge constraining the development of our country’s education system.The rapid growth of extracurricular tutoring has provided people with diverse learning opportunities,alleviating the shortage of educational resources to some extent.However,influenced by the "elite education" mindset and the inability of school education to meet individualized educational needs,an increasing number of parents tend to send their children to subject-specific extracurricular tutoring institutions for training.Consequently,the number and scale of extracurricular tutoring institutions have experienced explosive growth.Due to the government’s lack of attention and regulation of these institutions,this uncontrolled growth has led to various negative impacts,such as increased competition and pressure on students,exacerbation of educational inequality,waste of substantial time and financial resources,and disruption of the educational order.Moreover,students participating in extracurricular tutoring may lose interest in school curricula,affecting their enthusiasm for learning and creativity.In the process of "cooling down" the subject-specific extracurricular tutoring sector,numerous problems have arisen.Since 2018,the government has issued a series of targeted regulatory policies,especially the "double reduction" policy implemented in July2021,marking a new stage of comprehensive and strict regulation of extracurricular tutoring in our country.Policy tools are essential means to achieve policy goals and expected outcomes.In regulating extracurricular tutoring institutions,effective policy tools can comprehensively standardize tutoring practices and alleviate the excessive burden on students.However,in the current governance of extracurricular tutoring institutions,issues such as a single policy tool selection,lack of systematic combinations,and low levels of collaborative governance among multiple policy subjects still exist.Therefore,a thorough analysis and exploration of the selection and optimization of policy tools for extracurricular tutoring governance,and the construction of an effective,multi-faceted collaborative policy toolbox for extracurricular tutoring governance has become an important research issue urgently needing resolution in the field of our country’s private education policy.This study,based on policy texts related to the governance of subject-specific extracurricular tutoring institutions under the double reduction policy,aims to construct a twodimensional framework of policy tools and governance subjects.By conducting a matrix analysis of governance policy texts using textual analysis,the study explores the application of governance policy tools.Governance policy tools are mainly divided into five categories:authority,incentives,capacity building,symbolism and persuasion,and system transformation.The most commonly used tools are authority,capacity building,and symbolism and persuasion,while system transformation and incentive tools are used less frequently.In terms of governance subject participation,the government is the most involved,followed by educational subjects,with social subjects having the lowest participation.The research results indicate that there is a structural imbalance in the use of policy tools in governing extracurricular tutoring institutions,with an overemphasis on strict regulation and constraint measures and a lack of effective collaboration among multiple governance subjects.The root causes of these problems lie in the limitations of single government-led governance,path dependence in policy tool selection,and the imperfection of multi-subject coordination mechanisms.To address these issues,this study proposes suggestions for optimizing policy tool structures,diversifying policy tool forms,and improving multi-subject coordination mechanisms,providing references and lessons for the subsequent optimization of policy tools in governing subject-specific extracurricular tutoring institutions during the compulsory education stage.