| The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting on May 31,2021 to consider the“decision on optimizing the fertility policy to promote the long-term balanced development of the population,”and implemented the policy that a couple can have three children and supporting measures.On August 20 of the same year,China’s population and family planning law was revised,which is also another fertility policy adjustment after the universal two-child policy in the context of the deepening population aging.In the universal two-child did not drive a substantial increase in fertility today,’ three-child ’ whether the new policy will eventually lead to an increase in fertility is also unknown.As the main force of fertility and the direct subject of fertility,whether the post-90 s women actively respond to the three-child policy plays a key role in the development of China’s future population.Therefore,we should deeply understand the fertility desire and influencing factors of post-90 s women,and put forward relevant suggestions,so as to more effectively promote the implementation of the three child policy and help our country move closer to the development of a population balanced society.In this paper,500 women born in the 1990 s were randomly distributed questionnaires,and finally 476 valid questionnaires were obtained.Among them,30 representative women born in the 1990 s were selected for in-depth interviews.Through statistical analysis of questionnaire data and interview results,the results showed that: More than70% of women of childbearing age after 1990 said that they were not willing to have a third child when the policy was relaxed,and the fertility motivation gradually gave way to individual emotional needs.The mainstream fertility concept has gradually changed to "having fewer children and raising more children".Although "having two children" is a common expectation,there is a significant gap between the number of children planned in reality and the number of ideal children,and their fertility intention is generally low,and they hesitate to have a second child.The "three-child" policy has not received a positive response from women born in the 1990 s,with many saying that they do not want to,do not want to,do not dare to,or delay childbirth.The further integration of the survey data and the interview results showed that many factors were mixed and intertwined,which contributed to their low fertility intention: first,the change of the concept of marriage and childbearing,the awakening of self-consciousness,physical loss and increased psychological burden were the internal considerations for them not to give birth;Second,the unequal division of housework,the absence of paternal parenting mode,and the lack of support within families with difficulties in generational care and help are the direct reasons for their reluctance to give birth;Thirdly,the high cost of time and energy,economic cost and opportunity cost of child-rearing is the realistic reason that the post-90 s female group dare not give birth;Finally,the pressure of academic development and the lack of social public security are the important reasons for postponing childbirth.According to this,in view of the above causes,it is suggested to build a fertility-friendly society in the whole society from the five aspects of improving laws and regulations,increasing financial support,creating a workplace-friendly environment,improving the public supporting support system,and reshaping the new social marriage and childbirth culture,so as to alleviate the worries of post-90 s women of childbearing age in various stages of childbearing,raising and education.,Let them not only want to give birth,dare to give birth,also willing to give birth,early,so as to better promote the implementation of the three-child policy,and realize the long-term balanced development of our population. |
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