Study On The Impact Of Fertility Status On Nonfarm Employment Of Rural Women

The realization of non-agricultural employment transfer and high-quality employment have an important impact on the realization of rural revitalization strategy and the construction of new urbanization.However,the reality is that due to the lack of social and family care support,rural women mainly assume the role of child care,which makes a significant difference with male non-farm employment.From the perspective of fertility,based on the three data of China family follow-up survey from 2014-2018,based on the theory of gender division,human capital,and intergenerational exchange theory,using Probit,OLS and quantile regression model to study the influence of the rural female non-farm employment decision and the quality of employment,and the analysis of the parents’ care support on fertility.The study results are as follows:(1)The fertility status and the non-agricultural employment situation of the sample rural women.In terms of fertility status,the sample rural women generally had one and two children,and the two children were mainly 0-6 and 7-12 years old,and the family care burden was heavy.From the perspective of non-agricultural employment situation,rural women participating in non-agricultural employment only account for 36.7% of the total sample,and the quality of non-agricultural employment of more than 60% of women is lower than 50.Non-farm employment of different individual characteristics,family characteristics and rural women in different regions presents different states.Under different birth conditions,the proportion of non-agricultural employment and employment quality of rural women have obvious differences,and the burden of child care has a serious impact on rural women’s participation in non-agricultural employment and employment quality.(2)The impact of fertility status on rural women’s non-agricultural employment decisions.The number of births has a significant negative impact on rural women’s non-farm employment decision-making.Each extra child will reduce the probability of non-farm employment by 18.93%;children aged 0-6 and 7-12 years old have a significant negative impact on rural women’s non-farm employment decisions,and the negative effect gradually decreases with the increase of the age of children.In the heterogeneity analysis,the fertility status has a greater negative impact on rural women with high education and high family income level;compared with the western region,the more births and children aged 0-6 years will significantly reduce the non-farm employment of women in the eastern and central regions.Intergenerational care support can significantly weaken the increase of the number of births and the negative impact of children aged 0-6 and 7-12 years old on rural women’s participation in non-agricultural employment.With the increase of child age,the mitigation effect of children will gradually decrease.(3)The impact of fertility status on the quality of non-agricultural employment for rural women.The more births has a significant negative effect on the quality of non-agricultural employment of rural women.From different potential levels,the fertility quantity has a significant negative impact on the employment quality of more than 10% of rural women.With the increase of quantile,the negative influence of child age on female employment quality shows a relatively decreasing trend,and children at 0-6 years have the greatest negative influence on female employment quality.According to the heterogeneity analysis,compared with the middle and low education women,the employment quality of highly educated women and the children aged 0-6and 7-12 years affect the employment quality greater than that of the central and western regions is significantly different;intergenerational care can effectively alleviate the increase of births and the high-grade employment quality among women,and helps women to achieve high-quality employment.