A Study On The Rural Patrol Of Changchun Fu In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Early Republic Of China

In the last years of Guangxu dynasty,the Qing dynasty in order to maintain its own rule,followed the Western political and judicial systems and issued a large number of new policy measures.This included the patrol system.But in the Chinese rural society at that time,the management effectiveness of the Xiang Tuan and Baojia system gradually lost,and the original security system could no longer adapt to the needs of the actual development,in order to consolidate its rule,the Qing government gradually realized that the rural society should be included in its management system,as an important force to maintain social security and manage the society,the patrolmen came into being with the reform of the Qing government,including the city patrolmen and the rural patrolmen.“The rural patrol” is a patrol force that takes the vast areas of the countryside as its governing area,excluding the urban areas of the Prefectures.In Changchun,the term refers to the patrol in the villages of Changchun Fu,that is,the patrol police in the rural areas outside the city walls of Changchun Fu.The establishment of the rural patrol police in Changchun Fu began in April of Guangxu thirty-three,the magistrate de Yi established the Changchun Sixiang patrol police station as the main institution to manage the patrol teams of towns and villages,with the passage of time,the rural patrol team is growing,the functions of rural patrol show diversity,and the rural patrol system is becoming more and more perfect.Changchun is located in Jilin province,as the first gateway to the southwest of Jilin province,the geographical location of the special,Manchu and Han mixed,Chinese and foreign mixed,Chinese and foreign forces intertwined in this,social relations complex.The rural area is vast,the bandit problem in the countryside is more serious than in other areas,and the social security situation is also worse,compared with other regions in Jilin province,the teams in the villages of Changchun Fu were established earlier,the system is relatively complete,the construction process is clear,and the results achieved by the teams in the villages are even more obvious,therefore,the rural patrol of Changchun Fu is very representative in Jilin province,this article takes the rural patrol of Changchun Fu as the research object,analyzes the cause of its emergence and the functions it possesses,and probes into its impact on the society.The article mainly discusses through three aspects.The first part expounds the establishment and development of rural patrols in Changchun Fu in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican years.The background to the establishment of the rural patrol in Changchun is first described,this include two main aspects,internal and external factors.It then examines the creation and organisational structure of the rural patrol in Changchun Fu,exploring the relationship between the rural patrol and the urban patrol and the reserve patrol.The second part explores the main functions of the rural patrol,the study focuses on multiple perspectives,looking at the function of the rural patrol not only in terms of maintaining public order,but also in terms of its collaboration with the government in civil administration and assist in carrying out economic work.The third part analyzes the influence of the rural patrol in Changchun Fu in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican period.The rural patrols have played a positive role in maintaining public order,modernising rural social governance and improving social morality.While also having negative impacts on society.The main reasons are the lack of funding for the police,which increases the financial burden on farmers and so on.