The Research On The Southwest Border Extension In The Period Of Song Huizong

In the During period of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty(1067—1085),with the Xifeng reform(熙丰变法),the first wave of territorial development appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty,and many territories were opened up in the northwest and southwest.In the southwest border expansion activities during the Shenzong period,South Yuzhou(渝南),South Luzhou(泸南),Meishan(梅山),Nanbei River(南北江)and other areas were developed.Later,influenced by the change of leaders and the political situation of the Central Committee,the border expansion activities experienced many times from Emperor Zhezong to Huizong of the Song Dynasty.With the gradual strengthening of the imperial power of Emperor Huizong,the political line of"Shaoshu(绍述)"was established.Finally,Emperor Huizong appointed Cai Jing as the prime minister to realize the"succession of Shaoshu(绍述继志)".Therefore,with the slogan of"Shaoshu",another wave of territorial development appeared during the Emperor Huizong period of the Song Dynasty(1100—1126).With the support of Emperor Hui Zong and Cai Jing,the officials of Southwest China such as Wang Zudao,Zhang Zhuang,Cheng Ling,Zhao Yu,Pang Gongsun and other officials registered residence in the area of Jinghu,Guangxi,Zizhou,Chengdu,Kuizhou and so on by means of appease the indigenous soil,initiative,and military conquest.They set up 30 states and built many fortress villages to manage and rule.This has promoted local development,promoted the dissemination and exchange of Chinese culture,the integration of multi-ethnic groups,and promoted the "nationalization" process of southwest ethnic areas.At the same time,it also made the political relationship between the Song court and many southwest ethnic groups closer,and further enhanced their sense of belonging and identity to the Song Dynasty.However,the vast majority of the developed areas were "useless" in the eyes of the people at that time,but brought heavy burden and pressure.Later,the political situation changed,the social environment was turbulent,and the internal environment under the influence of various factors could not support the follow-up operation of the newly established counties.Finally,the vast majority of the newly established counties were abolished,and only a small part was retained due to the role of military control.In the long run,the southwest border expansion activities in the Emperor Shenzong and Huizong periods set up prefectures and counties and built fortresses in Jimi area.Some areas were incorporated into the ruling system of the Central government.Since then,they have been under the management of the central government for a long time,which laid the foundation for the continued rule of the yuan and Ming Dynasties and promoted the gradual transformation from"barbaric land(蛮地)"to"Han land(汉地)".The integration of the Song Dynasty’s regional independence and the establishment of the Song Dynasty’s regional independence have affected the process of regional unification and the establishment of the independence of the Song Dynasty.Later,the abolition of new states and the change of geopolitics led to the collapse of the ruling order established in the southwest border expansion,and the local forces grew stronger.Finally,they went along the same path with the vast majority of southwest ethnic areas,and the local chieftain system was implemented.From the perspective of"nationalization",this also meant the demise of most achievements of the southwest border expansion of Emperor Huizong.