A Study On The Economic Governance Strategy In The Ethnic Areas Of Southwest China In The Song Dynasty

During the Song Dynasty,northern China was faced with threats from several regimes like Liao Dynasty,Xixia Dynasty,Jin Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty.The strategic position of southwest China was gradually enhanced with the change of war situation.The geographical environment of Southwest China was complex,and there were a variety of ethnic groups distributed widely in the area.Therefore,it was fairly important to handle the relationship well with the ethnic groups in southwest China so as to stabilize the southwest frontier and maintain the rule of the dynasty.Based on this,the rulers of the Song Dynasty stepped up efforts to strengthen the governance of ethnic areas in southwest China and implemented a series of governance measures,among which economic governance was an indispensable part.The so-called economic governance is not to govern the economy,but to achieve the goal of social governance through economic measures.It mainly includes resource control and economic control,which constituted the main content of economic governance strategy in ethnic areas of southwest China in Song Dynasty.On the basis of historical research methods,this paper introduces the theoretical methods of ethnology and sociology.The whole paper is composed of six chapters,mainly including the introduction,the main body of four chapters and the conclusion.Chapter One is the introduction,in which the reason and significance of the paper,the review of academic history,the definition of relevant concepts such as"economic governance"and"ethnic areas in southwest China",the objectives,ideas and methods of the study are illustrated.The geographical environment and the distribution of ethnic groups in southwest China are shown in Chapter Two,which says that the huge number of mountains and rivers in southwest China is the environmental factor behind the formation of economic governance strategy.Furthermore,the ethnic distribution in southwest China is classified into three types:ethnic distribution of Shengdi(??),ethnic distribution of Jimi Zhou(???),ethnic distribution of Huawai(??).Chapter Three is to describe the formation of the economic governance strategy in the ethnic areas of southwest China during the Song Dynasty.During the Northern Song Dynasty,the blocking of the policy of"northward advance"and the impact of several turmoil in the southwest region contributed to the formation of the economic governance strategy in the ethnic areas of southwest China.During the Southern Song Dynasty,the fall of the North and the further enhancement of the strategic and economic status of the Southwest promoted the development of economic governance strategies.The economic governance strategy of resource control,including the control of living materials and military economic resources is discussed in Chapter Four.The control of living materials is mainly reflected in the control of salt and tea,in the form of reward and trade,while the control of military economic resources is mainly reflected in the control of horse which was realized through trade,and the control of metal mineral resources realized in the manner of monopoly.The economic governance strategy of economic control,including economic preferential treatment and economic punishment is analyzed in Chapter Five.Economic preferential treatment is manifested as tax preferential treatment,tribute preferential treatment(????)and other preferential treatment,and there are three forms of economic punishment termination of reward,termination of trade,termination of tribute.The last chapter is conclusion,which gives a brief summary of the effect,influence and characteristics of the economic governance strategy in the ethnic areas of southwest China in Song Dynasty.In general,the economic governance strategy in the ethnic areas of southwest China in Song Dynasty was a social governance strategy adopted by the central government at that time in response to the unique geographical environment and the ethnic distribution in this area.The results were proved to be remarkable through making full use of economic means to carry out social governance in the ethnic areas of southwest China.From the view of time,it ran through the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties.From the perspective of content,it included resource control strategy and economic control strategy.On top of that,it was mainly divided into three forms,"control" "reward" and "punishment" were included.It was a systematic control of the Song Dynasty over the ethnic minorities in southwest China at the economic level,and the rulers of the Song Dynasty successfully governed the ethnic minorities in southwest China via economic means.It stabilized the southwest frontier and protected the central government.What's more,it brought intuitive and effective economic benefits to the ethnic minorities in southwest China.In fact,it inherited and developed the governance strategy of the southwest areas in the Tang Dynasty,and meanwhile provided a successful example for the governance of the southwest areas of the following Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties.