Study Of The Thought Of "Activities Of Real Individuals" In The German Ideology

The German Ideology is a landmark work in the formation of the materialistic view of history.In this work,Marx and Engels made a comprehensive and thorough reckoning with the idealist ideas of the young Hegelians,and made a key criticism of Feuerbach’s "abstract man" and Steiner’s idea of "the One".The concept of "the activity of the real individual" was introduced for the first time,and the necessity and possibility of grasping the scientific connotation of man from the essence of practice was clarified.According to Marx and Engels,the "real individual" is a living person,a person who engages in natural and social activities,material and spiritual activities,personal and social activities,a person who can create history according to his own purposes and needs,and a person who can reasonably grasp the scale of activities to realize the harmonious unity of the human and material worlds,nature and history.The harmonious unity of nature and history.Marx and Engels’ idea of "the activity of the real individual" is the key to unlocking the mystery of human history and the theoretical premise for understanding the nature of man and social development.Therefore,it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to study the idea of "real individual activity" in The German Ideology.From the perspective of historical materialism,this paper systematically expounds the four basic issues of the formation process,basic content,basic characteristics and contemporary value of Marx and Engels’ idea of "realistic individual activity".From the perspective of the history of Marxist thought,the formation and development of Marx Engels’ idea of "realistic personal activity" is not accidental.This idea began with the criticism of Aristotle’s "activity of the mind",Hegel’s "activity of self-consciousness",Feuerbach’s "activity of sensual intuition" and other idealism and old materialism.The criticism of materialist philosophy began.In the Doctoral Thesis,the Outline of the Critique of National Economy,and the Philosophical Manuscripts on Economics of 1844,Marx and Engels successively analyzed and criticized the atomic personal,commercial,and object activities,and formed a preliminary understanding of "human activity",which provided the basis for their indepth exposition of "the real individual" in The German Ideology.These understandings laid the theoretical foundation for their in-depth exposition of the "realistic idea of individual activity" in The German Ideology.In The German Ideology,Marx and Engels expounded the basic content of "real individual activity" from three perspectives: existentialism,epistemology and historical view,covering its logical premise,basic elements and manifestations,thus unifying natural and social activities,individual and group activities,and material and spiritual activities.This unifies natural and social activities,individual and group activities,and material and spiritual activities.Firstly,from the existential perspective,humanized nature,social man and the production of material materials constitute the logical premise of "real individual activity";secondly,from the epistemological perspective,subject,object and intermediary are the three elements of "real individual activity";thirdly,from the historical perspective,the three elements of "real individual activity" are Secondly,from the epistemological point of view,subject,object and intermediary are the three elements of the "real personal activity";again,from the historical point of view,the "real personal activity" is expressed through political,economic and cultural relations.Mark Engels’ idea of "real individual activity" is the unity of conformity and purpose.From the perspective of conformity,"real personal activity" not only reflects the precondition and restriction of objective laws on human activities,but also shows the inevitability of human understanding and application of objective laws.From the viewpoint of purposefulness,"real personal activity" expresses the characteristics of subjectivity,autonomy,and creativity of real personal activity,as well as the need for material interests,the demand for political rights,and the legitimate demand for individuality of real personal needs.The inner unity of the two reflects the spirit of Marxism’s materialistic dialectics.The idea of "real individual activity" in The German Ideology has important theoretical and practical values for the development of contemporary society.On the one hand,Marx and Engels’ scientific assertion that "the activity of the real individual creates history" is a powerful critique of the prevailing trend of historical and cultural nihilism in contemporary society,and highlights the essential characteristics of people-centered history-making activity,which is the theoretical basis of contemporary social epistemology and all social sciences.On the other hand,the idea of "the activity of the real individual" provides the value point for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.At a time when the world is in the midst of unprecedented changes,the ideas of efficiency,fairness,solidarity and dedication conveyed in Marx and Engels’ idea of "realistic individual activity" are of great significance in guiding the relationship between man and nature,individual and collective,and nation and state today.