A Study On The Decolonization Of Papua New Guinea (1962-1975)

Papua New Guinea is the largest and most populous Pacific island country,and the largest Oceania country except Australia.It has a superior geographical location,a long history and culture,an important strategic position and great development potential.Since modern times,Papua New Guinea has become the object of competition among imperialist countries.At the end of 19 th century,Holland,Britain and Germany successively established colonies here.With the establishment of the world colonial system,Australia mastered British Papua New Guinea in 1906 and took over German Papua New Guinea in1914.After World War II,the two places were merged and jointly managed.After nearly a hundred years of struggle,the people of Papua New Guinea achieved national independence,ending the colonial rule of Australia.After the Second World War,the international situation has undergone earth-shaking changes,and the world decolonization movement is surging.The United Nations has vigorously promoted the development of the world decolonization movement,and the world colonial system has gradually collapsed.Coupled with the rise of decolonization wave in Pacific island countries,the national consciousness of Papua New Guinea people is awakening day by day,and Australia is pushing the political reform of Papua New Guinea under international pressure.The decolonization of Papua New Guinea has developed rapidly under the impetus of the above factors.The decolonization of Papua New Guinea developed rapidly in 1960 s and 1970 s.Before 1960 s,Australia’s efforts to promote the decolonization process of Papua New Guinea were very slow,and the focus of its work was on economic development.After the United Nations sent an inspection team to Papua New Guinea in 1962 and published the Ford Report,Australia accelerated the process of political reform in Papua New Guinea.Educated people in Papua New Guinea also paid great attention to the autonomy and independence of Papua New Guinea in the 1960 s.They actively promoted their participation in the election of Papua New Guinea Parliament and set up political parties to provide a political foundation for the autonomy and independence of Papua New Guinea.With the establishment of the PNG Coalition government in 1972,PNG and Australia accelerated the pace of decolonization in PNG.After many discussions,Papua New Guinea achieved autonomy on December 1st,1973 and formally became independent on September 16 th,1975.After independence,Papua New Guinea is not a united and stable country,but faces many unresolved problems in the process of decolonization,including political,economic and social aspects.Although Papua New Guinea has achieved political independence,it has not yet achieved economic and cultural independence.It has not completely separated from the colonial countries in the past,and still has the legacy of colonial rule.